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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The term Renaissance translates to "rebirth." To what does this "rebirth" refer?
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Rebirth of the Classical period.
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List three common stylistic features of Byzantine art.
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- Frontal, static, flat (iconic) - Prominent Halos - Deeply spiritual; other worldly - Gold backgrounds |
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How does Giotto create the illusion of volume in the figures in his painting Madonna Enthroned?
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The use of light & dark.
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Explain the buon fresco technique. Name on advantage and one disadvantage it has over fresco secco.
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-Buon fresco: paint of wet plaster color absorbs into the plaster, have to paint quickly but last longer. -Fresco secco: painting on dried plaster, not as long lasting easier to flack off. |
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How did the Black Death Influence the production of art in the mid-14th century?
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Rise in religious arts, due to the plague art was hopefully seeing place in heaven.
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Patron
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The person or group of persons who pays for a work of art.
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Why did Northern Renaissance artist tend to paint biblical subjects in contemporary settings?
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Makes it more relatable.
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Polyptych
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Hinged multi-panel paintings or relief sculptures
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Which newly popularized artistic medium allowed Northern painters in the Early Renaissance to replicate surface details to such a minute degree?
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Oil paintings
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Who was the first Netherlandish painter to achieve international fame?
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Jan van Eyck
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Why is Saint Luke the patron saint of painters?
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Believed that he had painted a portrait of the Virgin Mary
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What was the first step a young boy had to take in order to become a professional artist in the Medieval and Renaissance periods?
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Five to six years of apprenticeship.
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How did guilds benefit both artists and patrons?
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Guilds membership, ensured fair prices for artists & ensured high quality of work.
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Which two forms of image printing became popular after the invention of the moveable-type printing press?
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- Engraving method: method of printmaking in which the design is incised into a metal plate. - Woodcut method: method of printmaking in which the parts of the block of wood not meant to be printed are cut away to a shallow depth leaving the designed raised. |
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Renaissance Florence saw itself as the inheritor of which ancient civilization?
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Roman Classical Tradition
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Which biblical personage did Renaissance Florence associate itself with? Which mythological figure did it associate itself with?
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David & Hercules
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What is contrapposto? Give an example of a Quattrocento sculpture that exhibits the use of contrapposto.
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Weight distributed onto one leg & the body follows that action. EX: Donatello, St. Mark, Or San Michele, France, Italy |
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Explain what perspective is and name the two kinds of perspective.
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Perspective: constructing a convincing illusion of 3D space in 2D media. -Linear Perspective: mathematically based -Aerial Perspective: optically based |
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Why is the Medici family important to the development of the Renaissance?
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-Wealthy banking family -Major patrons of the arts -commissions for increasing magnificence of the city. -personal commissions |
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Which classical tradition did Donatello revive in his portrait of "Gattamelata"?
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Portraiture on horse back; resembles authority & triumph
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In what way did Alberti differentiate the three stories of the Palazzo Rucellai that makes each story appear progressively lighter? Which classical building served as his inspiration for this?
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Uses the different pilasteros (flattened columns) columns order for each level of the building. Reference of the Roman world.
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What were Girolamo Savonarola's beliefs regarding the Medici and humanism? What effect did these beliefs have on art in Florence in the 1490's?
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Banished the Medici & other wealthy powerful families. - Anti-Secular Art |
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Disegno
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Drawing, design that characterizes the art of Florence & Rome
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Chiaroscuro
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Modeling in light & dark to create volume
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Sfumato
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Smokey, hazy style
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Impasto
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Thick globs of paint, making texture
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What institution functioned as the greatest source of artistic patronage in Cinquecento Italy?
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Catholic Church
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What was the appeal of the pyramidal composition for Renaissance artists?
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Sharing the same environment
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Why did Leonardo consider painting to be superior to sculpture?
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Painting was more intellectual translating the 3D into 2D, recreating the air & water things that cannot be sculpted.
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How did Michelangelo's approach to proportion and measure in art differ most markedly from his Renaissance predecessors and contemporaries?
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He didn't use mathematics to plan out his work
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Why was Michelangelo resistant to receiving the commission for the Sistine Chapel ceiling?
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Sculpture not a painter
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What is the major difference between Early & High Renaissance Architecture?
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More sculptural Classical elements were flat décor, unlike the 3D
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Who was the leading architect of Renaissance Venice? How did his influence spread so widely throughout Europe in later generations?
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Andrea Palladio, wrote the four books of architecture.
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Which ancient building was Palladio's inspiration for the Villa Rotonda? List 2 ways that the Villa Rontonda references that ancient building.
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Pantheon, dome & column porch
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Poesia
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painting meant to operate in a manner similar to poetry
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Why is fresco uncommon in Venice? What painting medium did Venetian artists tend to use instead?
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Too humid, rots the paintings away (oil on canvas)
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Identify one major obstacle that prevented many women form pursuing a career in art in the Renaissance.
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Mandating residence in a master's house was frowned upon; that a young girl stay with an adult male other than her father
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What set Mannerist painting apart from typical Renaissance painting?
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Did not accurately represent the natural world, emphasis on the painting being artificially trying to create an illusion of Renaissance world.
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What about Giulio Romano's use of classical architectural elements in the courtyard of the Palazzo del Te makes it a Mannerist work of architecture?
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Classical elements of architecture are used irrationally
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Identify one detail in Grunewald's Isenheim Altarpiece that acknowledges the patients at the hospital for which the work was commissioned?
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- A man with bloated belly & sores is placed amongst the temptations side. - Jesus's body is covered in sores, also he is placed so when opening the piece his arm and legs would separated; just as the sick's would be amputated. |
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Which artistic medium allowed Albrecht Durer to gain international fame?
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Excellent print maker & market them. |
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How did Catholic and Protestant attitudes towards religious art differ?
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Religion of damnation and other is hope in redemption.
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Which artist is considered "the painter of the Reformation"?
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Cranach the Elder
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Iconoclasm
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Destruction of religious works of art.
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Genre Scene
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Scene of everyday life
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How does Quinten Massys convey a moralizing message in his painting Money Changer and His Wife?
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Primary message is how it is very easy to become materialistic than worship. - the weighing of the coins to the weighing of the souls in the Last Judgement - the woman has a holy book, opened to an image of Virgin Mary and the Christ Child. |
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Identify the three styles that most heavily influenced the distinctive painting style of El Greco.
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- Late Byzantine - Venetian Color - Italian Mannerism |
