Argumentation And Debate - Chapter 3

Front 1

when can we expect arguments

Back 1

1. when asserting appears to require support

2. expected in the context of controversy or disagreement

Front 2

three common functions of arguments

Back 2

1. advocates advancing or defending claims

2. efforts to persuade uncommitted individuals

3. search for solutions to problems

Front 3

deductive arguments

Back 3

arguments that lead to necessary conclusions when their reasons are true

Front 4

premises -

Back 4

reasons in a deductive argument

Front 5

inductive arguments

Back 5

arguments whose reasons lead to probable conclusion

Front 6

inductive leap

Back 6

a process in which the conclusion of an argument moves beyond its stated evidence

Front 7

three primary tools for analyzing arguments

Back 7

scanning -

standardizing

diagramming

Front 8

standardizing

Back 8

making each statement or implied statement in the argument a complete sentence, changing indefinite references like pronouns to the definite nouns, they represent, and placing reasons above conclusions they support.

Front 9

scanning

Back 9

identifying and making the statements in an argument`

Front 10

diagramming

Back 10

mapping the argument, using only the letters assigned during scanning, and drawing lines from reasons to the conclusions they support

Front 11

complementary reasons

Back 11

pairs of reasons that must work together to lend support to their conclusion

Front 12

ways to identify complements

Back 12

1. one reason without the other will not provide a conclusion

2. the statements deal with the same idea; as revealed by a linguistic link - a repeated phrase or term that links statements to one another

Front 13

intermediate conclusion

Back 13

a conclusion that is used as a reason

Front 14

the toulmin model

Back 14

an argument that consists of a claim, data, and a warrant

Front 15

backing

Back 15

foundational assumptions or presuppositions that support a warrant