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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tourism |
Tourism |
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Why has global tourism grown? |
Social and Economic Factors - Since 1950's people more rich -Disposable incomes -Typically 2 working couples -Car ownership grown rapidly - More leisure time - retired people -> good pensions ->HOLIDAYS Improvements in technology - Quick easy travel and on-line booking -Flying cheaper (although hit by recession and rising fuelprices)
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Why is tourism important? |
-jobs for local people -> growth in economy - more income of other business supplying tourism industry -Poor countries rely on it more than rich to boost economy growth |
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Uk Tourism Factors affecting UK tourist industry |
UK Tourism -32 million overseas visitors in 2008 -UK popular b/c of countryside, historic landmarks, churches, castles, cathedrals, palaces -London -> destination of half visitors to UK stats - 2007 tourism made £114 billion to economy, employed 1.4 billion people. Factors affecting UK tourist industry Terrorism –London is a terrorist target (Underground bombing, 2005). b/c of this tourist numbers decline sharply. Exchange rates (tourist) –although the weakness of the British pound against the Euro has made it moreexpensive for UK visitors to Europe, it has become cheaper for Europeanvisitors to travel and stay in the UK. Banking crisis (recession) –many lost jobs, reducing holidays they take until UK economy improves. |
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The Butler Model (Shows how visitor numbers change depending on quality of place) |
1) Exploration - Very few tourists attracted 2) Involvement - More people hear of area. Locals provide services for tourists for economic gain. 3) Development - Dramatically impacted by tourists because larger companies promote place. 4) Consolidation - Everyone knows about it (mass tourism) Heavily relies on tourism. 5) Stagnation - Area unfashionable so visitor numbers decline. LEADING TO: 6) Rejuvenation- make area more attractive by adding more facilities; interesting tourists again. OR 6) Decline- Place run down. Facilities shut down. |
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Case Study - Blackpool (Coastal Tourist Resort) |
-Locatedon Lancashire coast in the north-west of England -Major tourist centre during 19th century to serve inhabitants of northern industrial towns - boomed between 1900and 1950 -Package holidays -> huge competition for Britain’s seaside resorts-Blackpool was slow to fight the competition from package holidays· Eventually it lost much of its family holiday business so upgraded resort so more attractive. today, also aiming for regeneration |
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Case Study - Lake District (National Park) |
-Located in Cumbria; gets 15 million visitors per year. -Became NationalPark in 1951 - Famous for scenery, wildlife and culturalheritage. Plan to make sure tourists are attracted range from: - public transport better to make lakes more accessible -more widespread advertising + marketing for awareness -Regenerate ports -official strategy is to attract extra 2 million visitors in 2018 increasing mount tourists spend from 1.1 billion to 1.5 billion. |
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What are the negative impacts of tourists and strategies for them (in context of national parks)? |
1) Extra Traffic - improved public transport encouraged more through campaigns . 2) Footpath Erosion - encouraging not to use vulnerable areas . Use more hard wearing materials for eroded footpath 3) Protecting wildlife/ farmland - signs encouraging litter to take home. covered bins provided. Campaigns on enjoying in national park responsibly e.g closing gates. |
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What is Mass Tourism? |
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Pro's and Cons of Mass Tourism |
Economic impacts= Positive: -brings jobs; money for economy Negative: -profit made kept by large travel companies rather than economy. Social impacts= Positive: - More employment -> young people likely to stay - Better roads, communication and infrastructure for tourists, also benefit locals Negative: - Employment badly paid and seasonal - Traffic congestion, inconvenience for locals Environmental Impacts= Positive: - Income from tourism reinvested to protect environment. Negative: - long transportation -> greenhouse gases cause global warming. - Litter increase -> pollution - Destruction of natural habitats e.g. damage to coral reefs |
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Ways to reduce negative impacts of tourism...
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1) Improving public transport - more tourist use it -> less congestion 2) limiting number of people visiting sensitive environments e.g. coral reefs 3) More bins to throw litter |
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Case Study - Kenya, a place of mass tourism
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Kenya in East Africa, attracts 700 000 tourists b/c of tribal culture, wildlife (big 5) , safaris and warm climate. Beautiful scenery. Heavily relies on mass tourism. Economic Impacts= positive: tourism contributes 15% of country GNP negative: 15% money earned to locals. rest for big companies Social Impacts = positive: culture/customs of Maasai Tribe preserved profitably for tourists. negative: Some tribespeople forced off land to create national parks Environmental Impacts = positive: 23 national parks. Entrance money used to preserve national parks negative: - Coral reef damaged - Safari vehicles destroy vegetation, cause soil erosion To decrease negative impacts strategies are: - Walking/horseback tours promoted -> less safari vehicles -Do activities less damaging e.g climbing To maintain tourism : - 'magical Kenya' campaign launched to maintain popularity by Ministry of Tourism - Plans to spend £8 million for better roads, bridges air strip for better access. - Visa fees cut down for more families. |
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Why do people go on holiday to extreme environments?
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- The high mountains provide spectacular scenery, which is not found in other parts of the world. People can do dangerous sports e.g. mountaineering. Ecosystem of these areas is unique and people will see wild animals in their unspoilt habitat.
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How can tourism damage environment in Himalayas:
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-Tree's cut down for fuel for trekkers leading to deforestation destroying habitats - Higher risk of flooding due to forestation -Tourists cause footpath erosion leading to anslides -Hardly any toilets so river polluted with sewage |
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Case Study - Antarctica, place of tourism in extreme environments
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-continent at Earth's South Pole -99% covered in ice Environmental Impacts: - tourists can trample on plants, disturb wildlife, drop litter - fears that tourists could introduce on native species wiping out existing species -spillage of fuels from ships Strategies used to reduce the impacts • Antarctic Treaty signed by 47 countries that only ships of 500 people or less can land in Antarctica and only 100 people are allowed on land at one time. IAATO code of conduct: • Smoking is banned on Antarctica • Wildlife is to be observed not to be approached • On tours, people are told not to wonder off and disturb scientific studies. • Visitors are advised to wear suitable Antarctic footwear to preserve the Ice. |
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Ecotourism (environ mentally friendly tourism) involves |
conservation- protecting + managing environment stewardship- taking responsibility for conserving environment. |
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Ecotourism benefits the environment, economy and the local people.
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Environmental Benefits: - local people encouraged to conserve environment than use for damaging activities b/c money only earned if environment not damaged -Waste tourists create disposed carefully, prevents pollution. - Reduces poaching/ hunting of endangered species as locals benefit more by protecting them Economic Benefits: - jobs for local people -> economy growth Benefits for local people: -better more stable incomes in ecotourism - ecotourism schemes fund community projects |
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How does ecotourism help sustainable development of areas?
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By increasing quality of life for locals. Development is sustainable because its done without damaging environment.
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Case Study - Tataquara Lodge, a place of ectourism
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-island on the Xingu River in the Brazilian state of Para -Owned by of 6 indigenous local tribes, lodge has 15 rooms offering activities like canoeing, fishing. Environmental benefits • Lodge constructed from local materials found on ground e.g. wood and straw - meaning no trees were cut down. Materials blend in with environment. • Solar power is used for lights -> environmentally friendly Economic Benefits -Income goes to local economy as lodge is owned indigenous tribes. Benefits for local people - jobs for locals -profits by preserving culture for tourists - money for decent healthcare and education Helps sustainable development because healthcare + education increase quality of life. Money generated is without environment damaged so resources can last for future generations. |
