Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Osmosis
|
Process where water moves from a dilute to a concentrated form through a partially permiable membrane.
|
|
Active transport
|
The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient. process is aided by respiration from mitochondria and carrier proteins.
|
|
Tuber
|
A plant structure which stores nutrients such as starch for future growth.
|
|
Transpiration
|
The movement of water through a plant, upwards and out of the leaves as water vapour. Travels up the Xylem from high pressure in roots to low pressure in the leaves.
|
|
Xylem (zeye- lem)
|
Long dead hollow cells that carry water and minerals from the roots, up the plants stem towards the leaves.
|
|
Phloem (flow-em)
|
living cells which transports sugars form leaves to flowers and tubers.
|
|
Evapouration
|
Process where the surface water molecules gain enrgy to become a gas. the process is accelerated by wind, hot days and dry air.
|
|
Red Blood Cell
|
Cell that carries oxygen, they have no nucleus to make room for more hemoglobin, has large surface area and a diammeter of 0.008mm.
|
|
Hemoglobin
|
Iron based protein that can capture oxygen to become oxyhemoglobin, in other organs the oxyhemoglobin breakes down to form oxygen and hemoglobin.
|
|
White Blood Cell
|
Defends the body against pathogens.
|
|
Platelets
|
Clot blood at point of wounds.
|
|
Blood plasma
|
Carries Carbon Dioxide, waste products, Glucose, Dissolved food, Urea, Ammino Acids.
|
|
Urea
|
The product of the liver breaking down dangerouse ammino acids into a chemical that is less dangerouse. removed by the kidneys, released in the urine.
|
|
Ammino Acids
|
Building blocks of proteins, they make up Enzymes. they cannot be stored in the body.
|
|
Net deifusion
|
Overall movement of molecules.
|
|
Difusion
|
TheNet movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.
|
|
Mitochondria
|
Cells that respire glucose and oxygen to release CO2, energy and water.
|
|
Exchange surface
|
An area that has to have a large surface area; short diffusion path, good or efficient blood supply, and is ventilated (in animals).
|
|
Villus - Plural villi
|
A small fingerlike projection with a large surface area and rich blood supply. Often found in the intestine; stomach and digestive system
|
|
Intercostal muscles
|
The muscles between the ribs that allow the ribs to move.
|
|
Diaphragm
|
Muscle beneath the heart and lungs that creates negative pressure to breathe in, positive pressure to breathe out.
|
|
Thorax
|
The area between the bottom of the neck and the end of the ribs near the hips.
|
|
Abdomen
|
The area between the bottom of the ribs and the hips.
|
|
Alveoli
|
Cauliflower shaped bags within the lungs and other rich blood supply and massive surface area for diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
|
|
Trachea
|
Known as the windpipe, made up of cartilage rings and carries a down to the bronchi.
|
|
Bronchi
|
The two main pipes that connect both lungs to the trachea.
|
|
Bronchioles
|
The smaller tubes that branch off the bronchi into the lungs.
|
|
Stomata
|
The holes found in the bottom of a leaf, surrounded by guard cells.
|
|
Guard cells
|
Cells that open and close around the stomata to control the flow of gas exchange.
|
|
Pulmonary vein
|
The vein that comes in from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
|
|
Left atrium
|
Stores blood temporarily in the heart set the left ventricle has a uninterrupted flow of blood.
|
|
Left ventricle
|
Contains the most muscle out of the heart, pushes the blood through the aorta at high pressure.
|
|
Aorta
|
A large artery that carries high pressure blood from the left ventricle all around the human body.
|
|
Vena cava
|
Vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium in the heart.
|
|
Right ventricle
|
Pushes blood up through the pulmonary artery to the lungs under lower pressure than the aorta.
|
|
Pulmonary artery
|
Leads to the lungs carrying deoxygenated blood ready to be re-oxygenated.
|
|
Arteries
|
Carry blood away from the heart, they are thick walls and elastic as they can withstand and stretch under pressure.
|
|
Veins
|
Carry blood back to the heart under low pressure so they have walls made of elastic tissue and valves to stop the back flow of blood.
|
|
Capillaries
|
Carry blood cells to tissues and organs, very thin and only allow one blood cell at the time to pass through, 0.01 mm thick.
|
|
Dialysis
|
The process where person's blood is effectively scrubbed by a machine that simulates the kidney, has to be done for seven or more hours three times a week. Dialysis fluid flows against the flow of blood.
|
|
Thermoregulatory system
|
Located in the brain, monitors blood temperature and secretes hormones to control bodily functions in order to cool the blood.
|
|
Pancreas
|
Controls the levels of glucose in the blood, secretes insulin when levels are too high, secretes glucagon when blood sugar levels are too low.
|
|
Glycogen
|
An insoluble form of glucose stored in both muscles and in high concentrations within the liver.
|
|
Glucagon
|
Hormone/protein that instructs the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.
|
|
Deforestation
|
The unsustainable cutting down of trees.
|
|
Mycoprotein
|
Protein made by fusarium fungus which is naturally low in minerals. It is produced in large vats in a machine called our fermenter. The best known brand name for this type of food is Quorn.
|
|
Fusarium
|
A fungus that grows in long strands and can be harvested for protein. It feeds of waste products in fermenter such as waste crops or any glucose rich product.
|