Apush Unite 3+4

Front 1

Why did Aaron Burr hate Alexander Hamilton so much? What was the "Burr Conspiracy?"


Back 1

Burr hated Hamilton because was running against him in election and published mean newspaper articles about him, which caused him to lose. After Hamilton won, he told people that he thought burr sucked. Burr Conspiracy-conspired to separate the western states south of the Ohio River into an independ- ent confederacy. In addition, Wilkinson had long enter- tained the idea of an American conquest of Mexico, and Burr now added West Florida as a possible target. 60 followers, burr was abandoned and

Front 2

• Why does Ellis consider the Louisiana Purchase to be "politically ... the most consequential executive decision in American history, rivaled only by Harry Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb in 1945."


Back 2

-doubles america's size for a small price of 15 million
-bought by jefferson from napoleon
-great land for farming
-explored by lewis and clark

Front 3

• What role did Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa [the "Prophet"] play in Native American resistance to further American westward expansion in the early 19c? Was their agenda achieved?


Back 3

tecumseh-Treaty of Fort Wayne made him mad, Shawnee chief, wanted t unite tribes in ohio, He held a conference with Harrison, led Harrison to conclude that it was time to attack the Indians. Made an alliance with the british, Battle of the Thames on October 5. Tecumseh died in the battle;

the Prophet (Tenskatawa)- gave up liquor, began tearful preaching to surrounding tribes to return to their old ways and avoid contact with whites, and quickly became known as The Prophet. Soon, he would take a new name, Tenskwatawa, styling himself the “Open Door” through which all Indians could achieve salvation.

Front 4

How economically and politically effective was the Embargo Act? What role did it play in the 1808 presidential election?


Back 4

The Embargo Act of 1807 was a general embargo enacted by the United States Congress [1] against Great Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars.[2] The embargo was imposed in response to violations of U.S. neutrality, in which American merchantmen and their cargo were seized as contraband of war by the belligerent European navies. The British Royal Navy, in particular, resorted to impressment, forcing thousands of American seamen into service on their warships.[3] Great Britain and France, engaged in a struggle for control of Europe, rationalized the plunder of U.S. shipping as incidental to war and necessary for their survival.
-Many US seamen/mercahnts became out of work because they weren't allowed to trade with brit and france anymore
-became poor, use couldn't' get goods they would export to them/ couldn't import what they would get from them
-farmers couldn't sell internationally,
-british goods were smuggled in
-The presidential election of 1808, in which James Madison defeated Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, showed that the Federalists were regaining strength, and helped to convince Jefferson and Madison that the Embargo would have to be removed.[36]

Shortly before leaving office, in March 1809, Jefferson signed the repeal of the failed Embargo. In its place the Nonintercourse Act, was enacted, on March 1, which opened American trade with all countries except Britain, France, and their possession
-Federalists come into power because ppl are mad at republicans (aka jeff=maker of embargo act)

Front 5

• What was the impact of the Chesapeake - Leopard incident on Anglo-American relations?


Back 5

occurred off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on June 22, 1807, between the British warship HMS Leopard and American frigate USS Chesapeake, when the crew of the Leopard pursued, attacked and boarded the American frigate looking for deserters from the British Navy.[1] The Chesapeake was caught off guard and in a state of unpreparedness and after a short battle involving broadsides from the Leopard, her commander James Barron surrendered his vessel to the British after firing only one shot.
-Everyone in America wanted to start a war with Britain but Jefferson said no. Meanwhile UK still does impressment
-BRIT=stron USA=weak

Front 6

• What problem was solved/not solved by the Non-Intercourse Act? 
by Macon's Bill #2?
•

Back 6

Non-Intercourse Act-March 1, 1809, Congress replaced the Embargo Act with the weaker, face-saving Non- Intercourse Act. The act opened trade to all nations except Britain and France and then authorized Congress to restore trade with those nations if they stopped violat- ing neutral rights. But neither complied.
SOLVED-less intense poority, less aggressive than embargo act NOT SOLVED-still no trade w/france and brit
Macon's Bill No. 2-May 1810 Congress substituted a new measure, Macon’s Bill No. 2, for the Non-Intercourse Act. This legislation opened trade with Britain and France, and then offered each a clumsy bribe: if either nation repealed its restrictions on neutral shipping, the United States would halt trade with the other.
SOLVED-get more trade NOT SOLVED-no trade with both countries only one, no longer essentially neutral

Front 7

• Who were the "War Hawks?" What was their motivation in seeking war with Great Britain?


Back 7

war hawks-war lovers, ohn C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Richard M. Johnson of Kentucky, and William King of North Carolina, all future vice presi- dents. Clay was elected Speaker of the House.
-WHY WAR?-impressment, seizing ships, provided NAs with weapons,chesepeake affair

Front 8

• How was Andrew Jackson already making a military name for himself in the first years of the war?


Back 8

First Seminole WarBack when Britain controlled Florida, the British often incited Seminoles against American settlers who were migrating south into Seminole territory. These old conflicts, combined with the safe-haven Seminoles provided black slaves, caused the U.S. army to attack the tribe in the First Seminole War (1817-1818), which took place in Florida and southern Georgia. Forces under Gen. Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida, attacked several key locations, and pushed the Seminoles farther south into Florida.

Front 9

• What effect did the Battle of New Orleans have on the war? on Andrew Jackson's career?


Back 9

Orleans had little significance for diplomats. Indirectly, however, it had an effect on domestic politics by eroding Federalist strength.
-helped promote jackson to eventually be president
-January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812.[3][4] American forces, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.

Front 10

• What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent?


Back 10

removed most of the foreign-policy disagreements
between Federalists and Republicans. Ended war of 1812, USA stays USA
-give back all prisoners/ships/land
-The British proposal to create an Indian buffer zone in Ohio and Michigan collapsed after the Indian coalition fell apart. The United States ignored the guarantees it made in article IX regarding American treatment of the Indians

Front 11

• Identify the immediate and long-term effects of the War of 1812 on America.


Back 11

-see "terms of treaty of ghent"
SHORT TERM-restored British and American relations to what they had been before the war began. While not solving any of the problems that caused the war, the Battle of New Orleans victory, followed by news of the Treaty of Ghent, caused the Americans increased pride and led to a developing nationalism and expansion westward. The War of 1812 also brought the US more respect from other nations. The war is sometimes called "the Second War for Independence." Had we lost, many asssumed the British would claim us as colonies again.

Front 12

•
• Why did New England oppose the War of 1812?


Back 12

Many of them thought that it would be a national disaster, that it would cause calamity. Congressman Josiah Quincy of Massachusetts thought the war was cowardly, futile, unconstitutional, and that the main reason of it was to get President Madison reelected.
New England was also full of Federalists, who didn't like the war for specific reasons:
1. They saw the war as a battle of parties, a way to give the Democratic-Republican party dominance. --- Evidence: The Baltimore Riots of 1812 and the fact that the administration wouldn't let Federalists join the cabinet
2. They feared it would give Napoleon power of America
3. They saw it as an offensive war mainly aimed at conquest of Canada
4. They saw it as sacrilegious and just a recipe for chaos, going against God and what he wanted the country to do.

Front 13

• What effect did the Hartford Convention have on Federalist policy?


Back 13

Convention-to assert states’ rights rather than disunion, but to many the proceedings smelled of a trai- torous plot, federalists party dies,
dec 1814, revive const? or secession?
propose amendment for press limit to 1 term
2/3 majority congress rule
advocate for states rights

Front 14

• Was the War of 1812 "America's Second War for Independence?"


Back 14

Republic proved itself, increased respect
See dangers of divided nation, increased unity
War heroes president—Harrison and Jackson
Indians lost more land.
Increased economic independence.

If they lost then brit would get colonies

Front 15

• How did the US come to acquire Florida from Spain?


Back 15

John Quincy Adams achieved a diplomatic coup with the signing of the Florida Purchase Treaty, which officially put Florida into U.S. hands at no cost beyond the U.S. assumption of some $5 million of claims by U.S. citizens against Spain. Formal U.S. occupation began in 1821, and General Andrew Jackson, the hero of the War of 1812, was appointed military governor. Florida was organized as a U.S. territory in 1822 and was admitted into the Union as a slave state in 1845.

Front 16

• What was the "American System"? What sections of the country did this benefit? What parts did it harm?


Back 16

started by henry clay
"consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture."
-the wealth produced by tariffs would enable northerners to buy farm products from the West and the South. The plan didn't work because southerners were not convinced that the plan would benefit them in the long run.
-support fed gov
-protective tariffsmadison hates
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Front 17

• What factors contributed to the financial bust of the Panic of 1819?


Back 17

land sale/speculation of lousiana terr leads to speculative bubble inflation
boom/bust cycle
a severe depression that gave rise to considerable distress throughout the country, especially among western farmers.
-first boom-bust cycle of US
-uropean demand for American foodstuffs was decreased because agriculture in Europe was recovering from the Napoleonic Wars, which had decimated European agriculture. War and revolution in the New World destroyed the supply line of precious metals from Mexico and Peru to Europe. American bankers and businessmen started issuing false banknotes to quickly expand credit. American bankers, who had little experience with corporate charters, promissory notes, bills of exchange, or stocks and bonds, encouraged the speculation boom during the first years of the market revolution. By the end of 1819, the bank would call these loans.[6]
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Front 18

• What were the provisions of the Missouri Compromise of 1820? Why was this "compromise" not a long-term solution to the problem of slavery in the Western territories?


Back 18

Henry clay created
tallmadge amendment (1819)
slave trade ended (1808), missouri to come in as slave state?
-balance between slave and free state
missouri come in as clave tate and maine as free
36 30 degrees line drawn (southern boundary)
Missouri Compromise pro- hibited Missouri from discriminating against citizens of other states but left open the issue of whether free blacks were citizens
only dealt with the state of Missouri, and not future states entering the Union.

Front 19

What was the Monroe Doctrine? Why was it announced? What was its significance?

Back 19

written largely by Adams, announced three key principles: that unless American interests were involved, U.S. policy was to abstain from European wars; that the “American con- tinents” were not “subjects for future colonization by any European power”; and that the United States would construe any attempt at European colonization in the New World as an “unfriendly act.” unpopular
WHY/Signifigance-warning to European powers that any expansionist activity by them anywhere in the Americas would be construed as a threat to the United States
US=dominant in that part of the war + no one else should be hostile to them

Front 20

According to Ellis, the new Constitution of 1787 "violated the hallowed political principals embodied in the Spirit of '76." Was the new Constitution a betrayal of the American Revolution? Why or why not?

After the Constitutional convention, why did James Madison consider the Constitution to be a failure? In his opinions, what key elements did it lack?

What does Ellis consider to be Madison's "most brilliant contribution to modern political science"? How did this new idea of Madison reverse all conventional logic about republics? In which of the Federalist Papers does he best explain this new idea?

Back 20

SEE ARGUMENT ESSAYS

Front 21

What were the Federalist Papers? Who wrote them? Why? How did the authors frame their arguments for the new Constitution around ideas they originally vehemently opposed?

Back 21

The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles or essays promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. after shays rebellion realized that there needed to be more control over the people aka strong centralized governemnt

Front 22

Discuss the economic and financial programs of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. What did they include? What was Hamilton trying to accomplish? How and why did his programs politically divide Americans?

Back 22

concluded that the federal govern- ment’s survival depended not on building popular sup- port but by cultivating politically influential citizens through a straightforward appeal to their financial inter- ests. Private ambitions would then serve the national welfare. Wants to pay off debt by selling an equal sum in new securities. Purchasers of these securities would choose from sever- al combinations of federal “stock” and western lands. Wants a federally chartered bank
People didn't like whiskey tax (whiskey rebellion)
Madison and jefferson both hated hamilton's idea

Front 23

Explain Hamilton's reasoning in support of a loose interpretation of the U.S. Constitution and Jefferson's in defense of a strict interpretation.

Back 23

LOOSE-article 1 section 8-eleastic-like
STRICT-limited power to a centralized govt

Front 24

Why did farmers in Western Pennsylvania object to the excise tax on whiskey? How did the Washington administration deal with their rebellion? Why?

Back 24

Farmers who used their leftover grain and corn in the form of whiskey as a medium of exchange were forced to pay a new tax
Washington responded by sending peace commissioners to western Pennsylvania to negotiate with the rebels, while at the same time calling on governors to send a militia force to enforce the tax
PPL need to learn that they can't rebel against gov like they did w/brit

Front 25

What happened to eastern Indians in the 1790s and the early 1800s, and why?

Back 25

they lost land and population due to US expansion, lost battles, and disease

Front 26

Discuss the rise of political parties in the United States. Did the Constitution provide for political parties? If not, when and why did the first two parties develop? Who led and supported each party?

Back 26

led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, favored business development, a strong national government, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution
Thomas Jefferson, known as Democratic Republicans, called for a society based on small farms, a relatively weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
THESE differences created political parties
1787(first constituitioncal convention)-800, when in the presidential election, John Adams, who identified himself as a federalist, ran against Thomas Jefferson, who identified himself as an anti-federalist.

Front 27

Discuss the dangers the nation faced during the Federalist era (1789-1800) and how it overcame or survived them. In your answer be sure to include conflict among social, economic and section interest groups; challenges from foreign nations; and threats to individual liberties and the Bill of Rights.

Back 27

foreign nations-French Rev-wanted US to help but US said no, The XYZ Affair:
Because of the French seizure of American merchant ships, President Adams sent negotiators to Paris where they met with three anonymous French ministers (known as X, Y, and Z) who requested bribes as the only way to enter negotiations.
NAs-battle of fallen timbers, USA moves further west into NA land which causes problems
ECONOMIC-Whiskey Rebellion
BILL OF RIGHTS-(all had a timeframe so that people could overcome them) the Naturalization Act increased the number of years needed for immigrants to qualify for US citizenship because most immigrants voted Democratic-Republican. The Alien Acts authorized the president to deport any aliens considered dangerous and detain any enemy aliens during wartime. The Sedition Act, also disliked by many as it seemed to take away freedom of press, made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize either the president or Congress and created heavy penalties for violations.

Front 28

• What were the fundamental principles of Jeffersonian democracy?


Back 28

democracy and equality of political opportunity, with a priority for the "yeoman farmer" and the "plain folk". They were antagonistic to the aristocratic elitism of merchants and manufacturers, distrusted factory workers, and were on the watch for supporters of the dreaded British system of government. Above all, the Jeffersonians were devoted to the principles of Republicanism, especially civic duty and opposition to privilege, aristocracy and corruption.

Front 29

• What reform was made to avoid the problems caused by the 1800 presidential election?


Back 29

The sedition act which made it impossible to mount a fair campaign against an incumbent candidate was repealed as was the alien act which allowed the president to deport any aliens he considered dangerous ( Jefferson supporters were considered dangerous). The hated whiskey tax was also repealed. A judicial reform act was passed that made it impossible for other presidents to repeat Adam's midnight appointment scheme in which a large number of new judicial positions were filled with Federalist judges.It led to the 12th amendment, which reads "The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for etc

Front 30

• What were the factors that went into the decision for France to sell the Louisiana territory? Why was Jefferson hesitant to purchase it?


Back 30

fr gets terr in 1800 from spain, after the slave revolt in haiti jeff is concerned whether it was contiti-or not to by the terr
buys for 15 mill (13.5 cents per acre)

Front 31

• Why did the United States feel that is neutrality rights were being violated by Britain and France in 1805-1807?


Back 31

seizing of US ships, chesapeake affair, impressment

Front 32

• How prepared was America for war in 1812? Where was recruitment appealing? Where did it not go well and why?


Back 32

America wasn't prepared to go to war, but especially people in New England (federalists) didn't want to go to war because they wanted to trade with britain again and didn't want to fight them (bad for their business) everywhere else people wanted to go to war though. The new orleans battle caused people to think that federalists were anti american/wanted to recede from USA because they didn't support the war. bankers won't send money either

Front 33

• What were the successes and failures of the American military in the first year of the war?


Back 33

SUCCESSES-aoril 1813, US captures/burns york/toronto/capital of canada
SEPT 1813-BAttle of thames won by Commodore oliver hazard perry and troops FAIL-burn down white house

Front 34

What were the causes/effects of the British invasion of 1814?


Back 34

effects-white house burned down/DC seized
Andrew jackson is promoted
cause-impressment, declaration of war by jefferson, non neutrality agreement, USA trading with france