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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Compromise of 1877 |
Hayes showed concern for Southern interests and would end Reconstruction in exchange for the Democrats accepting the fraudulent election results |
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Species Resumption Act |
Greenbacks were redeemable for gold, but none were redeemed Due to paper money being more convenient, kept circulating |
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Greenbacks- Labor Party |
Founded in 1878 Primarily composed of prairie farmers who went into debt during the Panic of 1873 |
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Pendleton Civil Service Act |
First Federal regulatory commission Office holders would be judged based on merit for duty functionality |
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Stalwarts |
Republicans who supported Cleveland Fought for civil service reform |
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Mugwumps |
Republicans who switched their vote from Blaine to Cleveland Traitors to their party |
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McKinley Tariff |
Highly protective Tariff passed in 1880 Caused a backslash which cost Republican votes |
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Credit Mobilier |
Construction company that charged the government twice the actual cost of railroad construction; biggest bribery scandal of US history |
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Robber Barons |
Big business owners who are rich by cheating the federal government |
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John D. Rockefeller |
Formed the Standard Oil Company with his bro, William, and became rich 💰💰💰💰💰💰💰 |
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Horizontal consolidation |
A form of monolopy where a person/company gains control of an aspect of an entire industry or manufacturing process Rockefeller's desired monopolization action |
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Andrew Carnegie |
Steel industry philanthropist Donated large sum of money for public schools; wealthy had to give back to society |
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Vertical Consolidation |
A form of monopoly where one person/company owns control of every step of the manufacturing process Carnegie's monopolization method |
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Bessemer Process |
An invented method of removing air pockets from iron; led to steel creation Made advanced steelworking possible |
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J. Piermont Morgan |
Financer, banking boss Created the US steel corporation, first to be created with a billion dollars Liked Vertical consolidation as well |
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Trusts |
Firms or corporations that combine to reduce competition and controlling prices |
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14th Amendment "Due Process Clause" |
No state shall deny a person life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
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Wabash Case |
Individual states could control trade in their taxes, but could not regulate railroads coming through them |
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Sherman Anti-trust Act |
Federal law that committed the American government to oppose monopolies, contracts, combinations and conspiracies in the restraint of trade |
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National Labour Union |
Concentrated on producer cooperation to achieve goals Established 1866, by William Sylvis and Richard Trevellick |
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Knights of Labour |
An American labor union that accepted the union of ALL workers
Secret fraternal order |
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Yellow Dog Contracts |
A written "agreement" between employers and and employees in which the employees sign to not join a union while working for the compnay |
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American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
Consisted of different Unions |
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Haymarket Square Riot |
100,000 workers rioted in Chicago
Promoted anti-immigrant feelings after a bomb set off by immigrants killed and injured policemen |
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Homestead Strike |
A labour strike at a steel plant Strikers attacked for 5 months |
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Pinkertons |
Members of Chicago police led by Alan --------; used as strike breakers |
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Pullman Strike (1894) |
Started by enraged workers who were part of someone's "model town" The owner cut wages but not rent or prices |
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Honest Graft |
Justified bribery or cheating |
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Boss Tweed |
Large political boss of Tammany Hall; controlled New York and believed in Honest Graft |
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New Immigration |
Came from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty 1865-1910 Created mistrust with Americans by cultural differences and language barriers |
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Chinese Exclusion Law |
Denied Chinese citizenship in the US and Chinese immigration |
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American Protective Association |
A nativist group that opposed all immigration to the US |
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Social Darwinism |
Applied natural selection to human society Poor are are poor because they are not fit to survive Used as an argument against social reforms to aid the poverty |
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Morril Act |
Set aside public land in each state to be used for building colleges |
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Gilded Age |
Coined by Mark Twain to describe the massive increase in wealth caused by industry Hid many social problems of the time: high poverty, high crime, government corruption |
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Pragmatism |
A philosophy which focuses only on the outcomes and effects of processes and situations |
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Susan B. Anthony |
Early leader of women's suffrage movement |
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Women's Christian Temperance Union |
Group of women that advocated total abstinence from alcohol and worked to get laws passed against alcohol |
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Booker T. Washington |
An educator who urged blacks to better themselves through education and economic advancement Founded Tuskegee Institute |
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W. E. B. DuBois |
Black orator and essayist
Helped found the the NAACP |
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NAACP |
Founded in 1909 by a group of black and white intellectuals |
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Homestead Act |
Provides free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it |
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Granger Movement |
Founded by Oliver H. Kelley A group of agrarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers |
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Battle of the Little Big Horn |
General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyene Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse |
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Battle of Wounded Knee |
The Sioux were massacred by troops in South Dakota |
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Dawes Severalty Act |
(1887) tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing land Designed to forestall growing Indian poverty |
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Safety Valve Thesis |
Held that people couldn't succeed in eastern society could move west for cheap land and new start |
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Sherman Silver Purchase Act |
Directed the treasury to buy even larger amounts of silver which inflated prices Repealed in 1893 |
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Depression of 1983 |
Profits dwindled, businesses went bankrupt and slid into debt Caused loss of business confidence Led to Pullman Strike |
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Populist Party |
People's party Was split between the South and West |
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Omaha Platform |
Platform of the 1892 election where they called for free coinage of silver and paper money, national income tax, direct election of senators, railroad regulation, government reforms to benefit farmers |
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Mary Ellen Lease |
Speaker of the Populist Party and the Farmer's Alliance One of the founders of the Populist Party |
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William Jennings Bryan |
Most important Populist in American history Three time presidential candidate for the Democratic party; never won |
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Cross of Gold speech |
Given by William Bryan on June 18, 1896 "People musn't be crucified on a cross of Gold" Opposed Republican proposal to eliminate silver coinage and adopt a strict gold standard |
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Gold Standard Act |
All paper money be backed by gold Government had to hold gold in reserve in case people decided that they wanted to trade in their money Eliminated silver money |
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Yellow Journalism |
Term used to describe sensationalist newspaper writings if the time Tainted journalism, half-truths, rumours |
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In Re Debs |
Eugene Debs, guilty of trade restraints, stopping the US mail, disobeying the government to stop the strike |
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16th Ammendment |
Allowed income to be taxed Result of Pollock v. Farmer's Loan and Trust Company Ratified in 1913 |
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Minor v. Happensett |
Limited the right to vote to men |
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Social Gospel |
Movement which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation |