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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 developments in 1790s set stage for cotton production expansion |
Greater demand from Britain Technological improvements |
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flying shuttle |
invented by John Kay
made weaving cloth faster |
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spinning jenny |
James Hargreaves multiple spindles, each spinning cotton into a thread |
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water frame |
invented by Richard Arkwright waterpower used to drive spinning process of cotton |
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steam engine |
James Watt added steam power to English mills, expanding size |
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Samuel Slater |
brought Arkwright's patents and mechanical spinning mill plans |
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Cotton Gin |
Eli Whitney machine to make cotton seed cleaning faster |
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black belt |
area of rich black soil where cotton grew best Georgia to Louisiana |
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slavery |
basis of cotton economy men sold more than women families and marriages often broken up slaves made own communities within the plantation |
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cotton plantations |
places where cotton was grown usually not very large white owners often worked with slaves in fields |
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4 important concepts to slaves |
family community faith hope for freedom |
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Francis Cabot Lowell |
memorized plans to bring British mills to the U.S. |
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"factory girls" |
new england single young white women intrigued by potential to earn own money lived in company boarding houses |
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New York City |
main place for shipment of cotton across the Atlantic largest city and commercial center had a cool deep water harbor home to banks and stuff that could finance cotton industry |
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Black Ball Line |
founded by Jeremiah Thompson fixed schedule of weekly departures of fast ships from New York to Liverpool established steady flow of cotton |
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Panic of 1819 |
overproduction of cotton - could not be processed fast enough Bank of the US limited credit and called in loans |
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DeWitt Clinton |
governor of New York City that built the Erie Canal |
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Erie Canal |
manmade waterway from Albany to Buffalo |
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Robert Fulton |
built the steamboat which could travel against the current |
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National Road |
road extending from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, Virginia |
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Packet Ships |
English ships bringing European news, traveling across the Atlantic in 42 days |
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2 main functions of the Bank of the U.S. |
printed paper currency - bank notes backed by gold and silver deposits loans and collecting interest |
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Rip Van Winkle |
story by Washington Irving guy falls asleep, wakes up 20 years later sees that the world around him is more industrialized |
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era of good feelings |
james monroe's two terms as president no Federalist party election was virtually unanimous |
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John Marshall |
chief justice of U.S. Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835 able to convince majority of justices to follow his beliefs |
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Dartmouth College vs. Woodward |
NH legislature converted college from private to state Supreme Court ruled that state charters were contracts that could not be overturned |
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McCulloch vs. maryland |
opposition to Maryland branch Maryland imposed tax on bank to drive it out of business necessary and proper clause used to say that Congress had right to charter bank |
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Gibbons vs. Ogden |
New York did not have a right to give Ogden monopoly to ferry services in New York Harbor |
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Worcester vs. Georgia |
Georgia could not regulate private dealings by U.S. citizens controlled by Cherokee tribe since tribes had own sovereign rights |
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Tallmadge's Amendment |
James Tallmadge Jr.'s amendment prohibiting introduction of new slaves into Missouri and free those already there |
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Missouri Compromise |
balanced out power in Senate with slave states and free states Missouri admitted as slave state Maine admitted as free state made by Henry Clay and James Monroe |
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William H. Crawford's presidential campaign in 1824 |
supported Monroe's election won in Congressional caucus but only 1/4th voted |
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John Quincy Adams's presidential campaign in 1824 |
secretary of state (follows pattern) acquired Florida opened new lands for settlement through treaties good foreign policy |
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John C. Calhoun's presidential campaign in 1824 |
advocated for strong army greater infrastructure supported Bank of U.S. |
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Henry Clay's presidential campaign in 1824 |
speaker of the House nationalist supported Bank of the U.S. greater infrastruture |
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Andrew Jackson'spresidential campaign in 1824 |
hero of the Battle of New Orleans military leader no political experience |
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3 people excluded from voting in 1824 |
women most blacks (some free could vote) and slaves Indians |
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Corrupt Bargain |
Adams made a secret agreement with Clay to appoint him secretary of state |
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American System |
program of internal improvements and protective tariffs made by Henry Clay
reduce poverty by linking all Americans in commerce |
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Whig party |
Democratic-Republicans who supported Adams strong national government in economy internal improvements in infrastructure social reform movements |
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Democratic Party |
felt cheated in 1824 since Jackson lost argued for rights of common man to be left alone |