Apush Key Period 5

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"Great Triumvirate"

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Name given to the three most influential men in politics during the mid 1800s. The Great Triumvirate included Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John Calhoun. They played a major role in the decision on the compromise of 1850.

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Compromise of 1850 165

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The compromise of 1850 nullified the actions of the Missouri Compromise. It made it so that all the states in the Louisiana purchase and westward would be able to decide on if slavery was allowed by using popular sovereignty. This led to a large unbalance between the amount of slave states and free states in the country.

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Popular sovereignty 166

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A system in which the actions of the state are decided by the votes of the people. It was implemented in the compromise of 1850 and most states were allowed to decide on slavery through the use of popular sovereignty.

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Free soil party 167

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Political group that was against the expansion of slavery westward into the new territories. Their first nomination for president was Martin Van Buren and the ideas of this group foreshadowed the emergence of the Republican party.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act 168

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Act that made both Kansas and Nebraska states and decided that each one of them would decide ob slavery using popular sovereignty.

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Bleeding Kansas 169

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Event in which pro slavery men from Missouri crossed the Kansas border and began killing those who were anti slavery. This war between the two sides continued for four years until the anti slavery side won.

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Sumner Brooks clash 170

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Event in which summer was giving a speech verbally attacking Brooks which led to Brooks hitting Sumner with a cane. This action was supported by the People of the south but the north argued that this showed the difference of maturity between the two sides.

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Dred Scott v Sanford 171

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An event in which dred Scott, a free man in the state where he is from, sued due to the fact that he was considered a slave in Missouri. He lost this lawsuit due to the fact that the court still saw him as property and not a true citizen so he had no right to actually sue.

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Frederick Douglass 172

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Famous orator and outspoken African American abolition activist. Most of his lectures were on the topic of abolitionism and he looked for policies to end slavery. He is also widely known as a consultant for Abraham Lincoln.

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William Lloyd Garrison 173

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Founder of the American anti slave society. He published his opinions in a newspaper known as "the liberator". His most popular request is for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of slaves"

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Uncle Tom's cabin 174

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book written by Harriet becher Stove which dramatised the cruelty of slavery. Was immensely popular due to its ability to touch the reader and led to widespread anti slavery support in the north. To the north it highlighted the cruel treatment of slaves but in the south it was seen as yankee propaganda.

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John Brown and Harpes ferry 175

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John Brown was a violent abolitionist who sought out military methods to abolish slavery. He ended up rwising the Harpes ferry in hopes of citing a slave rebellion. He failed and was killed by the military. He was important however because he became a white martyr for the cause of abolitionism.

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Underground railroad 176

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Mode of transportation used by those hoping to transport slaves from the south to the north. The most popular user if this railroad was Harriet Tubman who rescued over 80 people from plantation.

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Republican Party 177

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Founded in the north in 1854 by those in favor of anti slavery and free soilers. They opposed the Kansas Nebraska act and their first representative for President was John c Fremont but the first representative to win was actually Abraham Lincoln.

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Lincoln Douglas debates/Freeport doctrine 178

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Senate race between Douglas and Lincoln. The Freeport doctrine was a question asked by lincoln towards Douglass about his support towards people who voted against slavery. This question was a lose-lose for Douglass since just avoided the question.

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Election of 1860 179

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Election which led to a victory by Abraham Lincoln of the Republican Party. One of Lincoln's main policies was the abolishment of slavery. The people of the south saw this as a threat to their way of life and multiple states seceded from the union.

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Crittenden Compromise

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Compromise proposed which planned to extend the Missouri Compromise all the way to the Pacific coast and allow slavery in all areas below it. It was proposed in hopes of preventing civil war but didn't pass due to the fact that the north believed it went against their beliefs of slavery.

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Border states

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Four states being maryland, Missouri, Delaware and Kentucky who bordered the union and the south. They were all slave states but stayed with the union because they wanted to preserve the union rather than end slavery.

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Anaconda plan

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Plan proposed by Winfield Scott during the civil war. It tried to limit and block ports in the south so that the north could slowly push it's way down.

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Writ of habeas corpus

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Order by the supreme Court which required police to bring in prisoners to court so that they can be informed of why they are being arrested. This prevented cops from secretly arresting people and allowed criminals to challenge unlawful arrests.

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Copperheads

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People in the north who ended up siding with the south. These groups of people posed a threat to Lincoln's reelection because it dwindled his amount of support he would gain in the north.

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New York draft riots

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Riots that emerged in 1863 where groups of immigrants roamed the streets until they were suppressed by the military. They rioted due tot the fact that they did not want to fight for freedom of slaves as these slaves would compete with them for their jobs.

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Emancipation proclamation

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Claim put out by Abraham Lincoln which emancipated all of the slaves that were in states if rebellion. This however could not physically be applied since the Confederacy was no part of the US so any laws made would not apply. This did however help the north when it came to the war effort. The proclamation boosted the morale of the people of the north and gave them a reason to fight. It also led Britain to not support the south since they didn't want to be seen supporting slavery which they had already abolished.

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Intelligent contraband

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Term given to slaves who were confiscated by the north. Thus occurred due to the fact that the north was confiscating anything that they deemed to be able to able to support the southern war effort. They were given the term intelligent contraband due to the fact that they were seen as items that could possibly support the south.

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Massachusetts 54th

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A full black arsenal which was one of the examples of the amount of African Americans who enlisted in the army. They are most known for being the first to run into a battle at which they were going to lose. This led the government to gain more respect for African Americans and notice the applications they had in the war.

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Gettysburg Address

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Speech given by Abraham Lincoln in 1864 towards the the people of America. It marked a major turning point of the war as it led to lincoln addressing both sides of the war and acknowledging them equally as fighting for what they believe in. It was important because Lincoln fell back to the fact that both sides should come together again for the reason that we are all fighting for freedom and liberty.

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Ulysses S Grant

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General during the civil war who ended up leading the north to most of its victories. He had a very straightforward and unforgiving style if fighting in which he did not care about the costs it took to win as long as a win was achieved.

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Sherman's march to sea

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A push westward by William Tecumseh Sherman and his men to take control of Georgia. In their path they left nothing untouched and burned cities and villages in the process. They marched to Georgie with a scorched earth style in order to prevent those that followed and people in the south from utilizing anything that they had left behind.

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Wade Davis bill

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Bill proposed in 1864 who h said that 50% of people on a state had to sign a loyalty oath and that only non-confederates could vote for the states Constitution but however this bill was not passed by lincoln.

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13th amendment

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Amendment passed in 1865 which permanently led to the abolishment of slavery in all of the US.

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14th amendment

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Amendment passed in 1868 which gave ex slaves their citizenship. This amendment also abolished the 3/5 Compromise given all African Americans equal say.

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15th amendment

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Amendment passed in 1870 which gave suffrage to all black men in the US.

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Freedman's Bureau

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Welfare agency that provided food, care, and education to freed men and white refugees. It was the first place to offer education to freed men.

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Forty acres and a mule

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Slogan started after the civil war due to the fact that freed slaves and their families were placed on abandoned plantations and were given a single mule to start off their new lives.

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First African American on Congress

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The first African American in Congress was Hiram Revel.

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Civil rights bill of 1866

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Bill that stated that all people born in the US no matter their sex religion or race were to be a Citizen of the united States of America.

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Carpetbagger and scalawags

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Carpetbaggers were people from the north who migrated to the south in order to profit from the reconstruction going on. Scalawags were white southerners who cooperated with the North and freedmen in their efforts of reconstruction.

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Redeemer government

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Counter-revolution in order for the south to try to regain control of the southern governments once again and they did succeed in regaining political control.

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Black codes and Jim Crow laws

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Black codes were laws ljt in place by local governments in order to limit the rights of blacks and keep the under the rule of whites.

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Please v Ferguson

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Court case in which a man who was 1/8 black sued the court for unfair treatment just becsuse he was partially black. This was denied and argued that blacks and whites were separate but equal.