Apush Chapters 2-5

Front 1

Compare the North American colonies with other New World colonies at the beginning of the 17th century.

Back 1

less developed. other colonies had a changed landscape and people were being enslaved and dying from European diseases.

Front 2

Describe the conflict between Spain and England from 1550- 1600.

Back 2

protestant vs. catholic

english raided spanish ships and took their treasure

Front 3

How did the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 impact England and prepare the country for exploration and colonization?

Back 3

more unity and nationalism
England= naval power
beginning of end of Spanish power

Front 4

“enclosing” cropland and economic depression

Back 4

forced small farmers off their own land; they were the first colonists

Front 5

law of primogeniture

Back 5

only eldest son gets father's inheritence; younger sons had to get rich somewhere else

Front 6

joint stock companies

Back 6

allowed investors to pool their money and travel to New World

Front 7

Jamestown (VA)
primary religion

Back 7

anglican church

Front 8

Explain the method and motivations in the colonization of Jamestown.

Back 8

King James chartered Virginia company for settlement in New World. motivation= gold, passage through americas to indies

Front 9

Why was the Virginia Company charter significant?

Back 9

king promised equal rights to colonists living in the New World to British citizens back home

Front 10

List all the problems the Jamestown residents faced.

Back 10

malaria, indian attacks, starvation/ malnutrition

Front 11

By 1665 the Powhatan Indians were extinct. List all the reasons this occurred.

Back 11

Lord De La Warr introduced "irish tactics" tht included burning villages and raiding homes. disease, disorganization, disposablity

Front 12

List all of the precedent (firsts) setting events of the Jamestown colony.

Back 12

1st slave transaction- 1619
1st interracial union- Poca/John Rolfe
1st rep. govt- House of Burgesses

Front 13

MD
motivation for settlement

Back 13

haven for Catholics, $money$

Front 14

MD primary crop and source of labor

Back 14

tobacco
indentured servants

Front 15

MD seeds of democracy

Back 15

religious freedom for Christians
Act of Toleration by rep. assembly

Front 16

relationship btwn. Carolinas and West Indies

Back 16

English settlers from Barabados moved to Carolinas, brought the Barbadian Slave Code in 1670 that inspired newer slave laws. carolinas sent Indians to work at sugar mills in Barbados and provided barbadians with foodstuffs and other goods.

Front 17

SC religion

Back 17

toleration

Front 18

SC motivation and settlers

Back 18

aristocratic founders; grow foodstuffs and export non-British items like wheat, silk, olive oil

Front 19

SC labor source and crop

Back 19

West African slaves, rice

Front 20

SC indian conflicts

Back 20

allied w/ Savannah Indians, but in 1707, they wanted to migrate to Quaker PA. SC was angry and killed most of them before they left

Front 21

SC seeds of democracy

Back 21

religious toleration, diverse population; most aristocratic

Front 22

NC motivation

Back 22

get away from aristocratic VA and SC

Front 23

NC distinctive traits of inhabitants

Back 23

poor but sturdy, irreligious, hospitable to pirates, resistance to authority

Front 24

NC indian conflicts

Back 24

Tuscarora indians fell upon theit settlement at Newbern; NC killed them in battle and sold rest into slavery

Front 25

NC seeds of democracy

Back 25

most democratic and independent minded

Front 26

GA motivation

Back 26

protect VA and SC from Spanish Florida; debtors haven

Front 27

GA crops

Back 27

silk and wine

Front 28

GA freedoms

Back 28

diverse, early restrictions on black slavery

Front 29

GA religion and founder

Back 29

freedom except Catholics, James Oglethorpe

Front 30

How did the unhealthy conditions of the Chesapeake impact the colonist’s lives?

Back 30

diseases shortened life span. not many women, so few families and many unmarried pregnant girls

Front 31

Why were indentured servants used in MD and VA?

Back 31

cheaper than black slaves; survived longer than Indians

Front 32

who gained land in "headright system"?

Back 32

whoever paid for the passage of a laborer to America

Front 33

What was the impact of the headright system?

Back 33

masters made vast real estate fortunes; brought 10,000 indentured servants by 1700

Front 34

why were indentured servants unhappy?

Back 34

not able to acquire land after freed; had no jobs so had to go back and work for previous masters for little wage

Front 35

what conditions led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?

Back 35

freemen were not able to acquire land; Berkeley was friendly towards Indians when they attacked a freemen settlement

Front 36

impact of Bacon's Rebellion on labor sources in VA?

Back 36

more slaves

Front 37

When did slaves outnumber white settlers in the South?

Back 37

1680- white servants; 1750- SC

Front 38

What colony “cashed-in” on the slave trade?

Back 38

Rhode Island

Front 39

Why was the tobacco growing Chesapeake region better for slaves?

Back 39

less physically demanding; fields closer together so more contact with friends and family

Front 40

Describe thoroughly the 17th century merchant planter society.

Back 40

merchant planters, small farmers, landless whites, white servants, black slaves

Front 41

List ALL the beliefs of John Calvin

Back 41

God= all powerful; humans= sinful; predestination; conversion experience

Front 42

What did the Calvinist Puritans dislike about Henry VIII’s Church of England?

Back 42

"popery"

Front 43

Pilgrims (Separatists) negotiated with the Virginia Company to secure rights to settle under its jurisdiction. When they landed north of their jurisdiction, they drew up the Mayflower Compact. What was it?

Back 43

simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to will of majority; set precedent for later constitutions

Front 44

MA Motivation

Back 44

place where puritans could worship freely

Front 45

MA Great Migration

Back 45

20,000

Front 46

Why did Mass. rapidly become the biggest and most influential of the Northern outposts?

Back 46

resources and skill of talented settlers help economy prosper

Front 47

“Franchise”-
What is it?
Who had it?

Back 47

right to vote in provincial affairs
adult males who were part of Puritan congregations

Front 48

MA religion

Back 48

Puritan/Congregational

Front 49

MA democratic features

Back 49

male property owners discussed and voted on local issues

Front 50

MA undemocratic features

Back 50

commoners could not vote or hold a political position, but laws applied to everyone

Front 51

Bible Commonwealth clergy:
powers
limitations of powers

Back 51

influenced admission to church&defended govt's duty to enforce religious laws; not allowed to have a position, congregation could hire/fire/set salary of preacher

Front 52

Puritan "calling"

Back 52

to do God's work on earth

Front 53

Puritan work ethic

Back 53

serious commitment to work and engagement in wordly pursuits in moderation

Front 54

Blue laws

Back 54

laws written on blue paper to keep simple pleasures simple by repressing certain human instincts

Front 55

Anne Hutchinson

Back 55

banished because of antinomian beliefs and a WOMAN

Front 56

Roger Williams

Back 56

too rebellious and radical-- wanted to completely separate from anglicans/ challenged legality of charter

Front 57

RI motivation

Back 57

made by Roger Williams after banished from MA

Front 58

RI religion

Back 58

established Baptism, freedom

Front 59

RI seeds of democracy

Back 59

complete freedom of religion, no oaths for religion, no required attendance at church, no tax-supported church, simple manhood suffrage

Front 60

RI legacy

Back 60

strongly individualistic/ independent
accepted EVERYONE

Front 61

CT leader and seeds of democracy

Back 61

Reverend Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- established regime controlled by citizens

Front 62

NH relationship btwn Puritans and Indians

Back 62

epidemic wiped out 3/4 Indians before arrival. came, at first were cordial , then english killed indians. puritans took few to missionaries and indians created intertribal union and attacked puritan towns. both sides had many casualties but NE won (King Philip's War)

Front 63

NE confederation?

Back 63

union btwn 2 MA and 2 CT colonies; first step to colonial unity

Front 64

Dominion of New England – Sir Edmund Andros attempted to establish autocratic rule but failed. What changes were made in the colonies as a result?

Back 64

MA= royal colony, voting rights given to all male property holders; people revolted in NY and MD and were given a royal gov, relaxed grip on colonial trade, more English officials, less local leaders, more resentment

Front 65

List characteristics of the New England family (life expectancy, marriage, children, divorce, extended family, role of women, women’s rights).

Back 65

70 years, family, strong social structure, rare divorce, early marriage, woman's role=bear and raise as many kids as possible!

Front 66

New England town- list factors which led to “a tightly knit society”.

Back 66

unity of purpose/concern about moral health of society

Front 67

How were towns created?

Back 67

legally chartered by colonial authorities. distribution of land by proprietors (who moved to designated place and laid out town)

Front 68

Why would NE be credited with creating American public schools?

Back 68

all towns with over 50 families had to provide elementary education

Front 69

What factors of NE led to democracy?

Back 69

ran own churches and democracy in congregational church led to democracy in politics

Front 70

what is Halfway Covenent (1662)

Back 70

people were allowed to be baptized but not fully converted into members of church

Front 71

impact of halfway covenant

Back 71

erased distinction btwn elect and others; women=more part in congregations; more people to vote

Front 72

NE impact of soil

Back 72

more industry/frugality, less European diversity, shaped their character

Front 73

NE impact of climate

Back 73

encouraged diversified agriculture and industry. no slavery of broad, fertile expanses

Front 74

Indians view vs. settlers view on land

Back 74

used it vs. OWNED it

Front 75

NE impact of livestock

Back 75

clearing of forests; diets and hooves compacted soil, led to erosion and flooding

Front 76

NE impact of natural harbors

Back 76

experts in shipbuilding and commerce

Front 77

NE legacy

Back 77

yankee ingenuity and NE conscience, work ethic

Front 78

“Compared to most 17th century Europeans Americans lived in affluent abundance”. Why?

Back 78

land was cheap and people earned more

Front 79

NY first settlers (1623-24)
vs.
later settlers

Back 79

Dutch West India Company

Duke of York + cosmopolitan population

Front 80

NY 5 characteristics of early colony

Back 80

company town, no religious toleration, no free speech, no dem. practices, harsh governors

Front 81

How did New Netherlands become an English colony?

Back 81

Charles II granted his bro, Duke of York, that land. York went there with a squadron and forced weaponless Dutch off the land.

Front 82

Dutch legacy

Back 82

autocratic spirit, place names, culture

Front 83

Delaware settlers and legacy

Back 83

Swedes

place names, log cabins, bloodlines

Front 84

PA Quakers

Back 84

all children in sight of God, kept broad brimmed hats on and said thee and thou, no oaths, no war

Front 85

PA founder and motivation

Back 85

William Penn, asylum for his people, experiment with liberal gov, and make a profit

Front 86

PA unique characteristics

Back 86

fantastic Indian-white relations, no tax-supported church, no immigration restriction, freedom of worship, but Jews/Catholics can't vote

Front 87

By 1700, PA surpassed Virginia and Massachusetts in population and wealth. Why?

Back 87

many liberal features

Front 88

NJ settlers

Back 88

2 proprietors given land by Duke of York

Front 89

By 1775, 2.5 million people inhabited the 13 colonies. What caused this growth?

Back 89

immigrants, natural reproduction, slave trade

Front 90

largest colonies

largest cities

Back 90

VA, MA, PA, NC, MD

Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Charleston, Providence

Front 91

German immigrants

Back 91

6%. fleed religous persecution, economic oppression, war; moved to PA, Lutheran

Front 92

Irish immigrants

Back 92

7% of pop. important non-English group, turbulent Scots who were moved to N.Ireland, Irish Catholics resented Scottish Presbyterians, moved to PA

Front 93

migration of Scots-Irish

Back 93

moved to PA, but best land was already taken so pushed out onto frontier, where they settled illegally, had disputes with whites and Indians, were pushed to western Carolinas where they settled along Appalachians

Front 94

Most colonials were small land owning farmers. What factors created the various levels of social status?

Back 94

armed conflicts of 1690-1700's= class of merchant princes; plague of war= class of widows and orphans

Front 95

Clerics

Physicians

Jurists

Back 95

less influence than before, still most honored profession

poorly trained, not highly esteemed

not favorably regarded

Front 96

importance of taverns

Back 96

place where all social classes came and discussed political ideas

Front 97

Anglican and Congregational location

Back 97

south and NY

new england, except RI

Front 98

Anglican and Congregational
beliefs and practices

Back 98

more worldly, less fierce. tax-support, weakened by lack of Bishop in US

everyone teax-supported, focused on sinful world, not Bible

Front 99

Anglican and Congregational
schools

Back 99

William and Mary, King's College, to train ministers, left to education

Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth

Front 100

Anglican and Congregational
relationship w/ England

Back 100

supported king in war, tried to spread it to other colonies

rebellious, wanted to reform Anglican church

Front 101

early 18th century colonial churches

Back 101

less fervid, liberal ideas challenged tradition

Front 102

Jonathan Edwards

Back 102

completely dependent on God's grace, HELL!, "sinners in the hands of an angry God"

Front 103

George Whitefield

Back 103

fantastic orator, emotional and biblical appeal, human helplessness and divine omnipotence, started methodism in GA and SC

Front 104

old lights vs. new lights

Back 104

orthdox clergyman, intellectual

new ministers, emotionalism

Front 105

all effects of Great Awakening

Back 105

emphasis on emotion
more churchs and competition
more missionary work
founding of "new light" schools
first spontaneous mass moving
more unity

Front 106

goal of Congregational Church

Back 106

good Christians, not citizens

Front 107

Why would the trial of John Peter Zenger be considered a milestone in American liberties?

Back 107

freedom of press and expression

Front 108

colonial legislatures

Back 108

2 houses- upper and lower

self taxation through representation

Front 109

governors + power of the purse

Back 109

appointed by king, 8 royal, 3 proprietor, 2 self-rule

colonial assemblies would withhold governor's salary unless he yielded to their wishes

Front 110

voting requirements

Back 110

religious and property qualifications; normally, only 1/2 of people had enough property to vote