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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Active Solar Heating System. 395
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absorbs heat from the sun by pumping heat absorbing fluid through special collectors usually mounted on rooftops.
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Animal Manure. 404
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animal poop that is collected and burned, or converted into biofuels. it is also a good fertilizers
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Biobots. 412
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molecular robots that can be programed to produce hydrogen, and/or to remove and sequester (isolate) CO2 in the atmosphere.
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biodiesel. 407
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a diesel fuel made by combining alcohol and vegetable oil extracted from renewable resources.
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biofuels. 403
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gaseous or liquid conversion of biomass, that can be used to produce energy.
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biomass. 403
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diverse source of energy that consists of organic plant materials, such as wood and/or agricultural wastes, and animal wastes that can be burned or turned into liquid or gaseous biofuels.
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biomass plantations. 404
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large plantations of crops that can be used to create biomass. to be converted into biofuels.
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cellulosic ethanol. 406
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using bacteria, the cellulose and lignin in certain plants into starches, that can be fermented by other bacteria to produce ethanol.
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central receiver system. 397
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a power tower in a solar thermal system. it is a central heat collector tower, that the sunlight is reflected towards by heliostats.(see other flash-card)
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coal burning power-plant. 386
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a power plant that burns coal to produce energy. two thirds of the energy made by burning coal ends up as waste heat in the environment.
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cogeneration. 387
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when two useful forms of energy (such as steam and/or electricity) are produced from the same fuel source. this saves energy and money.
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combined heat and power systems (CHP). 387
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see cogeneration.
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Corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards. 387
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between 1973-85, the average fuel efficiency sharply rose in the USA car industry... because of government mandated standards (CAFE)
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crop residues. 404
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left over materials from crops that can be collected and burned or converted into biofuels. to produce heat and energy.
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dry steam. 409
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a hydrothermal reservoir, that uses dry steam and water vapor, but no water droplets.
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earth tubes. 396
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a tube is placed underground, it collects cool geothermal energy and pumps cool air into the house. it's expensive.
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energy conservation. 385
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reducing or eliminating the unnecessary waste of energy.
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energy efficiency. 385
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using less energy to do more.
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energy-efficient diesel car. 390
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has lower fuel economies than most other cars, such as gasoline/electronic hybrid cars. however, produce more air pollution.
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ethanol. 405
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a liquid biofuel that can help replace gasoline and diesel fuels.
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fuel cells. 384
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can be used to heat/cool, and power your house and car. they run on hydrogen gas that comes from renewable energy sources.
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fuelwood crisis. 404
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in certain countries the wood is not abundant enough, and they harvest the wood faster than it can be replenished, creating a lack of wood.
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gasohol. 406
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made from gasoline mixed with 10-20% pure ethanol. can be burned in conventional gasoline engines.
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geothermal energy. 409
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the heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and fluid in the earths mantle. it is converted into usable energy.
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geothermal heat pump. 409
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part of a system that can heat and cool a house, by exploiting the difference between the earth's surface and underground temperatures, at a depth of about 2 meters, almost anywhere in the world.
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green roofs. 392
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roofs covered with plants. they save energy, because they hold water better than conventional rooftops.
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heat bulb. 386
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another term for the conventional incandescent light-bulbs, which waste 95% of their energy in form of heat.
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heliostats. 397
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computer controlled mirrors, that track the sun, and focus sunlight on a central heating tower. see central receiver systems
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hot water. 409
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type of hydro thermal reservoir- that utilizes the heat stored in hot water, found within the earths crust.
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hybrid car. 389
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a car that uses both electric and gasoline motors allowing for better fuel efficiency.
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hydropower. 400
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the electricity made from water flow, by making it spin turbines as it travels from high to low elevations.
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hydrothermal reservoirs. 409
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see: dry steam, wet steam, and hot water.
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incandescent light-bulb. 386
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a light-bulb that uses only 5% it draws to create light. 95% being wasted as heat. see: heat light-bulb
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internal combustion engine. 386
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a motor that wastes 94% of energy in its fuel. it is a regular car engine.
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large-scale hydropower. 400
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---- see last chapter
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living roofs. 392
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see green roofs.
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methanol. 408
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made mostly from natural gas. it is a fossil fuel.
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methanol economy. 408
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economy based on methanol. theorized to be better than hydrogen economy. by making methanol from the CO2 in the air, we will reduce global warming/pollution rates and also be able to create more fuels.
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micro-hydrogenerators. 401
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small water power generators, the size of a suitcase that are placed in rivers and streams. they are cheap and have very little environmental problems.
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net energy. 386
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the total amount of energy made from a source, minus the amount of energy wasted in refining the source etc...
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net energy efficiency. 386
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the efficiency of a substance to produce energy... see net energy.
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nuclear power plant. 386
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wastes 86% of the energy, and probably 92% when we include the energy needed to deal with the radioactive waste.
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