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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The walls of arteries and veins contain three distinct layers; name them
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the tunica intima,
tunica media, and tunica externa |
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The walls of arteries are ___ than those of veins.
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thicker
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The ___ ___ of an artery contains more smooth muscle and elastic fibers than does that of a vein.
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tunica media
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___ are the only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding fluids.
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Capillaries
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Most of the body's blood supply to various regions is supplied by ___ ___.
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continuous capillaries
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In a continuous capillary, the ___ is a complete lining.
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endothelium
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Capillaries that contain "windows," or pores, that span the endothelial lining are called ...
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Fenestrated Capillaries (Have Incomplete lining)
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The entrance to each capillary is guarded by a band of smooth muscle called a ___ ___.
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precapillary sphincter
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How does the precapillary sphincter's contraction of the smooth muscle cells effect a vessel
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It reduces the flow of blood. It constricts and narrows the diameter of the capillary entrance.
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What regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries?
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precapillary sphincter
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Review: Capillary Bed blood flow:
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1-collateral arteries, 2-arteriole, 3-metarteriole, 4-arteriovenous anastomosis, 5-capillaries, 6-small veinule, 7-vein
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Do valves in the venous circulatory system allow blood flow in both directions?
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No
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As blood travels from a larger diameter vessel into a smaller diameter vessel, resistance will ___.
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increase
Example: Aorta to a capillary |
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Review: Order of vessels from the heart(1 through 7)
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1-elastic arteries, 2-muscular arteries, 3-arterioles, 4-capillaries, 5-venules, 6-veins, vena cava
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A rhythmic pressure oscillation that accompanies each heartbeat
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Pulse
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Term for the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
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Pulse pressure
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Hormone released in response to a fall in blood pressure
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Angiotensin II
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In response to a drop in BP; renin converts ___, a plasma protein produced by the LIVER, to ____.
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angiotensinogen,
angiotensin I |
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In response to a drop in BP;____ modifies angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
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angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
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Where does ACE modify angiotensin I to angiotensin II (an active hormone with diverse effects)?
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In the capillaries of the lungs
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Light exercise results in:
Extensive vaso (dilation or constriction) & (increased or decreased) venous return? |
vasodilation,
increased |
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an increased breathing rate pulls blood into the vena cava via the ___ ___
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respiratory pump
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What squeezes blood along the peripheral veins
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skeletal muscle contractions
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the ___ ___ gives rise to the left and right pulmonary arteries
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pulmonary trunk
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These large arteries enter the lungs before branching repeatedly, giving rise to smaller and smaller arteries.
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pulmonary arteries
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These four veins, two from each lung, empty into the left atrium, completing the pulmonary circuit.
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Pulmonary veins
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What are the three major branches that arise before a subclavian artery leaves the thoracic cavity:
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1- internal thoracic artery
2- vertebral artery 3- the thyrocervical trunk |
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What branches from the subclavian artery to provide blood to muscles and other tissues of the neck, shoulder, and upper back?
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The thyrocervical trunk
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What branches from the subclavian artery to provide blood to the brain and spinal cord
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The vertebral artery
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What subclavian artery supplys the pericardium and anterior wall of the chest
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The internal thoracic artery
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Branches of the aortic arch includes the ___ ___ artery (only one not in the right side)
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left subclavian
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After leaving the thoracic cavity & crossing the first rib, the subclavian artery is called the ___ artery
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axillary
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Distally, the axillary artery becomes the ___ artery, which supplies blood to the rest of the upper limb.
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brachial
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What Artery supplies deep structures on the posterior aspect of the arm?
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The deep brachial artery
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What artery supplies the area around the elbow?
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The ulnar collateral arteries
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What artery gives rise to the radial & ulnar arteries?
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The brachial artery
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What artery follows the radius?
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The radial artery
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What artery follows the ulna to the wrist?
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The ulnar artery
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Review: Arterial division of upper limb
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axillary, brachial, deep brachial, radial, ulnar
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The vertebral arteries
enter the cranium at the ___ ___. |
foramen magnum
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Vertebral arteries fuse along the ventral surface of the ___ ___ to form the basilar artery
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medulla oblongata
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What two arteries form the cerebral arterial circle, or circle of Willis?
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internal carotid arteries &
the basilar artery |
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What vessels supply the infundibulum of the pituitary gland?
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cerebral arterial circle, or circle of Willis
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What divides the aorta into a superior thoracic aorta and an inferior abdominal aorta?
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The diaphragm
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At what level does the abdominal aorta split into two major arteries?
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vertebra L4
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The Abdominal Aorta
splits into two major arteries, the left and right ___ ___ arteries |
common iliac
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Atreries that supply deep pelvic structures and the lower limbs.
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left and right common iliac arteries
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Each external iliac artery crosses the surface of an ___ muscle and penetrates the abdominal wall.
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iliopsoas
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Each external iliac artery penetrates the abdomin midway between the ____ & the ___ ___on that side.
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anterior superior iliac spine & pubic symphysis
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The ___ ___ ___emerges on the anterior, medial surface of the thigh as the femoral artery.
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external iliac artery
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What artery arises roughly 5 cm distal to the emergence of the femoral artery.
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deep femoral
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Review: Lower Limb Arteries
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common iliac,int.iliac,ext. iliac,(pub.sym)femoral,deep femoral,popliteal,post/ant.. tibial,fibular(peroneal)
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Posterior to the knee joint, the femoral artery becomes the ___ artery
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popliteal (pop-LIT-e-al)
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the popliteal artery branches to form the ___ & ___ arteries
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posterior and anterior tibial
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What gives rise to the fibular artery, or peroneal artery?
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The posterior tibial artery
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What is another name for the peroneal artery?
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fibular
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Receives blood from the tissues and organs of the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and upper limbs.
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The Superior Vena Cava
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The superficial cerebral veins and small veins of the brain stem empty into a network of ___ ___
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dural sinuses.
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The superficial arch empties into the ___ ___ & ___
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cephalic vein; the median antebrachial vein; and the basilic vein
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Which vein ascends along the radial side of the forearm?
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the cephalic vein
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Which veins ascend on the ulnar side? (2)
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the median antebrachial vein and the basilic vein
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The deep palmar veins drain into the ___ vein and the ___ vein.
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radial, ulnar
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The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ___ vein, running parallel to the brachial artery.
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brachial
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The dorsal venous arch is drained by what two superficial veins?
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The great saphenous vein and
The small saphenous vein |
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Where does the popliteal vein becomes the femoral vein?
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At the femur
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Which vein ascends along the thigh, next to the femoral artery?
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The femoral vein
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Age-related changes in blood vessels may be linked to ____.
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arteriosclerosis
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Inelastic walls of arteries become less tolerant of sudden pressure increases, which can lead to an ___.
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aneurysm
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What are three possible complications of a ruptured aneurysm?
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a stroke, myocardial infarction, or massive blood loss
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