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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle?
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Somatic nervous system |
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Somatic motor neurons innervate: |
Skeletal muscle cells. |
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Compared to parasympathetic ganglia, sympathetic ganglia are __________. |
Closer to the spinal cord |
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Cocaine causes increased availability of norepinephrine and therefore stimulates the sympathetic division. What would be an effect of cocaine? |
hyperglycemia due to increased glucose release |
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Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as: |
adrenergic |
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Name the structure identified with a question mark from this summary chart of how the nervous system controls homeostasis.
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hypothalamus |
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Which nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute? |
parasympathetic nervous system |
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What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions? |
Hypothalamus |
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Which of the following is true of the nervous system division depicted in this figure? |
Involuntary, autonomic nervous system |
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In the last step of a visceral reflex arc__________. |
postganglionic neurons stimulate target cells |
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Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system __________. |
have cell bodies located within autonomic ganglia |
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What is called the "rest and digest" division of the nervous system? |
Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Visceral reflex arcs do NOT control: |
Voluntary muscle functions |
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Control of skeletal muscle is the responsibility of: |
a somatic motor neuron |
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A drug that inhibits the release of norepinephrine will have the greatest affect on: |
autonomic target cells. |
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What innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? |
postganglionic neuron |
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Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes the vagus nerves, which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera? |
parasympathetic nervous system |
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After eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy. Which nervous system dominates? |
parasympathetic nervous system |
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What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems share in common? |
Both systems are divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Craniosacral in origin |
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True or False? The sympathetic nervous system has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons, with the sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord. |
True |
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This figure depicts the basic anatomy of the __________. |
Sympathetic nervous system |
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Which of the following house axons of sympathetic postganglionic neurons? |
gray rami communicantes |
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The major neurotransmitter at sympathetic target organs is __________. |
Approx 80% of postganglionic sympathetic neurons release norepinephrine, and the remainder release epinephrine or ACh. |
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If a drug is administered to block the heart's adrenergic receptors, how is heart rate affected during exercise? |
beta blockers are antagonists that bind to the b1 receptors on the heart and decrease the rate and force of contraction |
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Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as: |
cholinergic. |
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What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla? |
sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system |
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Which nervous system dilates the pupils and allows more light to enter the eyes? |
sympathetic nervous system |
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Sympathetic chain ganglia extend from the superior cervical ganglion to the inferior sacral ganglion. |
True |
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Are Alpha and beta receptors are classified as cholinergic receptors? |
False |
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The cell body of the preganglionic neuron in this figure could be located in the __________. |
sacral section of the spinal cord |
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The parasympathetic neurotransmitter at target organs is __________. |
Acetylcholine |
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What is one of the effects of the parasympathetic NS? |
increased salivary and digestive secretions |
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The axons of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are: |
Short |
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What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on heart rate and blood pressure? |
decreases heart rate and blood pressure |
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The basic function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to maintain homeostasis when the body is at rest. |
True |
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The sympathetic nervous system, or craniosacral division, involves four cranial nerves and sacral nerves S2 - S4. |
False |
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Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine at their synapses. |
True |
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What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times? |
Sympathetic Tone |
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Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, referred to as: |
Dual innervation |
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Most organs experience dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. |
True |
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Increase in digestion is an effect of the sympathetic NS.. T/F? |
False |
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Where do parasympathetic nervous system fibers emerge from? |
cranialsacral region. (brain stem and sacral region) |
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What are the 2 major types of adrenic receptors? |
Alpha and Beta |
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During rest and digest what nervous system is active? |
parasympatheic |
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What is the main center of the autonomic nervous system? |
Hypothalamus |
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Norepinephrine is secreted by some axons of the |
sympathetic nervous system |
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Where are nicotinic and muscarinic receptors found? |
nicotinic receptors are found in membranes of all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, muscarinic receptors are found in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells |
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What nervous system controls body temp |
sympathetic - the hypothalamus |
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Do presynaptic axons extend to the effectors? |
False |
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are Ganglia close to effectors |
yes in the parasympathetic NS No in the sympathetic NS |
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Parasympathetic shares control with sympathetic over all except |
blood vessels |
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Where is the cardiac / vasomotor reflex center found? |
Medulla oblongata |
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90% of parasympathetic fibers are located in the |
X cranial nerve |
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Muscarinic receptors differ from nicotinic receptors because they can be |
inhibitory |
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Does atropine cause skeletal muscle paralysis? |
no, effects are slower breathing, and cardiac |
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visceral responses to emotion are mediated by the |
hypothalamus |
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what is a problem for the elderly in the sympathetic NS? |
orthostatic hypotension |