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41 Cards in this Set
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Mexican Revolution
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10 yr period, ousting of Porfino Diaz from pwr. Opposition forces led by Panchno Villa and Emilio Zapata
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What were some causes of the Mexican Revolution?
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Disruption of traditional markets for LA; forced 2 rely on themselves
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Porfino Diaz
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1876 president of Mexico for 35 yrs; strong central gov
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What was eco, pol, and soc under Diaz?
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Eco -> mining, railroads, foreign ctrlld
Pol -> was corrupt; opposition stifled Soc -> rebels protesting jobs were repressed |
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Francisco Madero
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Ran against Diaz when he got old. Diaz arrested him, held a rigged electon, and regained pwr. Madero called a for a revolt after his release. His moderate policies could not solve Mexico's soc probs. Assassinated in 1913
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Pancho Villa
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Mexican revolutionary in the North who led a group of unhappy civilians
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Emiliano Zapata
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Mexican revolutionary in the South (Morelos); led peasant guerrilla movement for land reform
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Victoriano Huerta
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Attempted to create a dictatorship supported by large landowners, army, and foreign companies. Forced from pwr in 1914 by Villa and Zapata
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What happened as a result of Huerta losing office?
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Political chaos, followed by US intervention. Alvaro Obregon emerged as the new leader to solve MANY probs
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Alvaro Obregon
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1915 -> became leader of Mexican gov
1920 -> elected president |
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Mexican Constitution of 1917
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Formal end of Mexican Revolution. Promised land reform (slow to manifest), limited foreign ownership, guaranteed workers rights, restricted church ownership of property, rural edu
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What did these reforms try to achieve subconsciously?
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Get back to American Indian roots. Achieved by: secular nationalistic schools, etc.
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How was Marxist socialism evident during these reforms?
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Secularization. This was met with strong church opposition
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Cristeros
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Conservative peasant movement during 1920s. Tried to curb secularization, often turning to violence
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Why did the US intervene with Mexico's revolution?
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Desire for order, fear of German influence, and eco interests
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What was Mexico's theoretical "one political party"?
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Party of the Institutionalized Revolution (PRI)
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What spurred a rev in Russia?
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Food shortages and wartime misery that led to food riots and strikes. Peasants demanded new pol regime
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Who prevailed in the chaos?
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A worker group (soviet) took over city gov and arrested the tsar
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Alexander Kerensky
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1917 Russian Rev -> Liberal rev leader who wanted parliament and rel freedom (although liberalism was not high [low middle class])
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What problems did the Bolsheviks have once gaining pwr?
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In Treaty of Versailles, some of Russia's conquered territory was given 2 make Poland. Also the Bolsheviks weren't the major pol party
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What did Lenin do to advance his pol party?
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Shut down the parliament created by the Social Revolutionary Party and created the Congress of Soviets in its place (Bolshevik run)
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What effects of Communism prevailing were evident?
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Foreign hostility -> nations were appalled and intervened. Domestic resistance -> bloody internal civil war
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What were causes of the Russian civil war of 1918-1921?
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Against communist regime, Landed peasant resented loss of land 2 give 2 less fortunate. Industrial nationalism disrupted manufacturing. Famine + unemployment => workers revolt
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Red Army
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Military constructed under Lenin. Used people of humble background
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New Economic Policy
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1921 -> state sat basic eco policies, freedom for small businesses and peasant landowners
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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1923 -1991 -> Federal system of various socialist ethnic groups in Russia; ctrld by Communists
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What else did Communists in Russia create for the people?
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Youth movements and women groups, inc edu of communism
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Stalin
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Made communism more nationalistic. Ended Comiterns and began collectivization, 5 yr plans. Anti-Western (Socialism in one country), killed opponents
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Comiterns
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Intl USSR office to spread communism thru Europe
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Collectivization
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Large state run farms to ctrl peasants
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Yuan Shikai
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Warlord in China after fall of Qing dynasty. 1912 -> became pres (received from Sun Yatsen) 1916 -> resigned from not fighting against Japanese invasion
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What groups were fighting for pwr in post- Qing China?
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Military commanders organized into cliques, coastal city bankers and merchants, secret societies, and JAPAN
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May Fourth movement
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1919 -> Intellectuals tried to transform China into a liberal democracy and rejected Confucianism
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Li Dazhao
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Called for a reworking of Marxist ideas to fit China's circumstances
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Mao Zedong
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A student of Li. Communist leader in China. Advocated rural reform and role of peasants in Nationalist movement
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Guomindang
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Chinese nationalist party. Forged alliances with key social groups (Communists) and created army
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What were Sun's intentions once in pwr?
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Unify China under a central gov, ctrl imperialistic intruders, and introduce soc reforms for the peasants. Got support from urban merchants
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What did the Nationalist party focus on?
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Pol only, neglected highly needed soc-land reform
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Whampoa Military Academy
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1924 -> military wing of Guomindang
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Chiang Kaishek
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First head of WMA; became master of China during 1920s, but was defeated by Communists after WWII
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Long March
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1934 -> Est Mao as head of Communist China, during Civil War of Nationalists and Communists
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