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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ottoman Empire
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Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman empire was based at Istanbul from 1453-1922
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Suleiman the magnificent
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(1494-1566) The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman empire (r.1520-1566) "The Lawgiver" expanded empire in the Balkans and Eastern Mediterranean
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Janissary
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infantry, originally slaves, Ottoman army
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devshirme
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"selection" in Turkish. System in which boys from Christian communites were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries
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Tulip Period
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(1718-1730) European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul
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Safavid Empire
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Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi who declared Iran a Shi'ite state
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Shi'ite Islam
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branch of Islam that believes the leader of the community should be a descendent of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali; state religion of Iran
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Hidden Imam
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last in a series of 12 descendents of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community.
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Shah Abbas I
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Abbas the Great (1571-1629) Shah of Iran; most illustrious ruler of the Safavid empire, moved capital to Isfahan in 1598, where he erected many palaces, mosques, and public buildings
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Mughal Empire
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Muslim state (1526-1857) exersizing dominion over most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries
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Akbar
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(1542-1605) most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605) expanded empire and pursued a policy of concilation with Hindus, very tolerant about religion
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mansabs
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in India, grants of land given in return for service by the rulers of the Mughal Empire
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Rajputs
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members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar I married a Rajput princess
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Sikhism
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Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak (1469-1539) in the Punjab region of northwest India. After the Mughal emperor ordered the beheading of the ninth guru in 1675, Sikh warriors mounted armed resistance to Mughal rule
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Acheh Sultanate
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Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early 17th century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641
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Oman
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Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southwest region of the Arabian peninsula. Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the 18th century
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Swahili
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Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa
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Batavia
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fort established ca. 1619 as headquarters of the Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta
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Jesuits
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members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe
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Siberia
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extreme northeastern sector of Asia, including the Kamchatka Peninsula and the present Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the sea of Okhotsk
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Muscovy
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Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. The Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598
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tsar
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(czar) from Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r.1462-1505)
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Mikhail Romanov
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(1596-1645) Russian tsar (r.1613-1645) member of the Russian aristocracy, he became tsar after the old line of Muscovite rulers was deposed
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Cossacks
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peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. Cossacks led the conquest of Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries
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Peter the Great
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(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r.1689-1725) enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg
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autocracy
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theory justifying strong, centralized rule, such as by the tsar in Russia or Haile Selassie in Ethiopia. The autocrat did not rely on the aristocracy or the clergy for his or her legitimacy
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serfs
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in medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. In Russia some serfs worked as artisans and in factories; serfdom was not abolished there until 1861
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Ming Empire
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(1368-1644) empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan empire. The Ming emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He. The later years of the Ming saw a slowdown in technological developement and economic decline
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dalai lama
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originally a title meaning "universal priest" that the Mongol khans invented and bestowed on a Tibetan lama (priest) in the late 1500s to legitimate their power in Tibet. Subsequently, the title of the religious and political leader of Tibet
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Manchus
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federation of northeast asian peoples who founded the Qing empire
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Qing Empire
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empire established in china by manchus who overthrew the Ming empire in 1644. at various times the Qing also controlled Manchuria, mongolia, turkestan, and tibet. the last Qing emperor was overthrown in 1911.
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Kangxi
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(1654-1722) Qing emperor (r. 1654-1722) oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing empire
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variolation
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technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucuous taken from those already infected
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Macartney Mission
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(1792-1793) the unsucceful attempt by the British Empire to establish diplomatic relations with the Qing Empire
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Tokugawa Shogunate
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(1600-1868) the last of the three shogunates of Japan
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samurai
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literally "those who serve", the hereditary military elite of the Tokugawa shogunate
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madrasas
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religious colleges
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ulama
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religious scholars
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raya
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"flock of sheep"
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askeri
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military
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yeni cheri
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new troops, Janissary in Turkish
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qzilbash
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"redheads" because of distinctive turbans, members of Safavi brotherhood
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