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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
polis, poleis (pl)
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greek term for the city-state
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helots
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servants of the spartan state, not slaves but not free, role in society was to provide agricultural labor and keep sparta supllied w/food
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spartan
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austere, militaristic society
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solon
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an aristocrat who served as a mediator between classes, devised as solution to class conflict in attica
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democracy
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represntatives for gov., increased oppurtunities for commoners to participate in govt
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delian league
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created after the persian wars, this was an alliance of the poleis, athens became teh leader of the alliance
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peloponnesian war
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(431-404 bce) war between athens and sparta and the poleis under their control, sparta and its allies forced athens under unconditional surrender in 404 bce
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hellenic
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refers to greek cultural traditions
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hellenistic
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an era when greek cultural traditions expanded their influence beyond greece tiself to a mch larger world
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anatolia
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greek colonists settled there, and then ventured into the black sea in large numbers and established colonies all along its shore
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alexandria
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under the ptolemics, this city became teh cultural capital of the hellinistic world
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megalopolis
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a city where peoples of different ethinic, religious, and cultural traditions conducted their affairs
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sappho
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greek poet who was charged with homosexuality, her surviving verse speaks of her strong physical atraction to young women
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socrates
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(470-399 bce) athenian who posed questions that encouraged reflection on human issues, particularly on matters ofe thics and morality
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plato
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(430-347 bce) philospher whose cornerstone of thoruight was his throfy of forms or ideas
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aristotle
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philospher whose work provided sucha coherent and comprehensive vision of teh world that his later disciples called him "the master of those who know"
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polytheism
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the belief in multiple gods
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dionysus
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greek god of wine, also know as bacchus, greek plays were performed in his honor
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epicureans
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hellinistic philospher whot aught that pleasure - as quiet satisfaction- was the greatest good
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skeptics
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people who refused to take strong positions on political, moral, and social issues b/c they doubted the possibility of certain knowledge
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stoics
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hellinistic philosophers who encouraged their followers to lead active, virtuious lives and to aid others
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etruscans
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northern italian society that initially dominated teh romans, the eturscan helped convey greek concepts to the expanding romans
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republican
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constitution that entrusted executive responsibilites to 2 consuls who wielded civil and military power
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patrician
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roman aristocrats and ealthy classes
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plebian
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roman common people
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tribune
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elected officials who represnted teh plebians interests in the govt
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punic wars
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(264-146 bce) conflicts between theromans and carthage the romans later conquered the city and used its resources to finance continued imperial expansion
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latifundia
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huge state-run and slave-worked farms in ancient rome
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gracchis
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2 brothers who worked to limit the amount of conqured land that any individual could hold, both were assasinated
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gaul
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city that produced grain, supplied copper, and began to experiment with the cultivation of vines
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pax romana
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"roman peace" a term that relates to the period of political stability, cultural brilliance, and ecnomic prosperity beginning with unification under augustus and lasting through the first 2 centuries ce
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twelve tables
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a basic law code for citizens of the early republic
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circuses, circus maximus
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places were events of entertainment took place
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pater familias
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roman term for the "father of the family" a theoretical implication that gave teh male head of the family almost unlimited authority
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"bread and circuses"
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what the masses were kept enteratiend with (subsidized grain and spectacular public entertainment)
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spartacus
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an escaped slave who ssembled an army ofs eventy thousand rebellious slaves
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manumission
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when masters freed urban slaves when tehy reached 30 years of age
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cicero
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(106-43 bce) helped to establish stoicism as the promientn school of moral philosophy in rome
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mithraism
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cult dedicated to mithras, whom they associated with military valeus such as strenght, courage, and discipline
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cult of isis
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most popular of all the med. religions of salvation before christianity, adored teh egyptian goddess as a benevolent and protective diety who nurtured her worhsipers
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monsoon
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knowlege of these allowed mariners to sail safely and reliably to all parts of the indian coean basin
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silk roads
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ancient trade routes that extenced from teh roman empire in the west to china in the east
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nestorians
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people who emphaseized the human as opposed to the divine nature of jesus
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manichaeism
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religion founded by the prophet mani in the 3rd century ce, a syncretic verison of zoroastrian, christian and buddhist elements
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dualism
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a cosmic sturggle betwen the forces of light and darkness, good and evil
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