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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kitchen Debate-
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1959 debate between Nixon and Soviet Premier Khrushchev
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Pax Americana-
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Post-WWII period when US was wealthiest & most powerful nation
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Oligopolies-
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Where few control much (as in a few US companies controlling much of the US economy)
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Conglomerates-
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Combined companies in unrelated industries (as in a telephone company buying a hotel chain)
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Bretton Woods System-
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Post-war system that made the US dollar as world’s currency standard & created the World Bank to provide loans for rebuilding after war, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to stabilize currencies, and GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) to foster international trade
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AFL-CIO-
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1955 labor union that combined the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Workers
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GDP-
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Gross Domestic Product: the values of everything an economy produces in a particular nation
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Levittowns-
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Pre-fab suburban communities that sprang up all over the US after WWII
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FHA-
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Federal Housing Administration. Provided cheap loans to help Americans buy houses after WWII
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Restrictive Covenants-
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Neighborhood rules that often discriminated against minorities but were ruled unconstitutional in Shelly v. Kraemer (1948)
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Sun Belt-
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Southern & Western states which grew rapidly after WWII
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National Interstate and Defense Highway Act-
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1956 interstate highway bill
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Diners Club-
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First credit card introduced in 1950
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Nuclear Family-
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Parents & children who live apart from extended family members
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The Power of Positive Thinking-
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Peale’s popular 1952 book that encouraged people to see religion as a way to deal with modern stress
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Baby Boom-
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Post-WWII explosion in birth rates
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The Feminine Mystique-
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Friedan’s 1963 book that challenged the idea that women should focus on homemaking
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Rock ‘n’ Roll-
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Youth music of the 1950s that was a combination of C & W and R & B
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Alan Freed-
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Cleveland disc jockey most responsible for introducing white Americans to black R & B
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Elvis Presley-
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First major rock ‘n’ roll star of the 1950s
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Mattachine Society-
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Gay rights organization of the 1950s
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Daughters of Bilitis-
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Lesbian rights organization of the 1950s
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Pollock-
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1950s abstract impressionist painter
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The Beats-
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1950s counter-culture writers like poet Ginsberg (Howl) and novelist Kerouac (On the Road) who rejected traditional American society
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War Brides Act-
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1945 law allowing US servicemen to bring their foreign brides to US
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McCarran-Walter Act-
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1952 law that ended the exclusion of Asian immigrants
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Operation Wetback-
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1953-54 US program to deport Mexican immigrants to reduce unemployment rates
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Urban Renewal-
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Post-war attempt to improve cities as people (particularly whites) flocked to suburbs and cities deteriorated
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Election of 1960-
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Democrat Kennedy defeats repub Nixon in a very close election
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Twenty-Second Amendment-
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1951. Limited presidents to 2 terms
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New Frontier-
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Kennedy’s program of vigorous governmental activism at home and abroad
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New Politics-
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Kennedy’s campaign tactic of emphasizing his youth & charisma rather than specific issues & platforms
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Nixon-Kennedy Debates-
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Televised presidential debates in 1960 that helped Kennedy most due to his charismatic on-screen presence
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Flexible Response-
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Kennedy’s foreign policy approach that emphasized both conventional and nuclear responses to communist aggression
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Counterinsurgency-
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Kennedy idea of helping anti-communists fight communists by offering military training & weapons
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Peace Corps-
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Kennedy program to help developing nations and bring them into US/anti-communist orbit
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Cuban Missile Crisis-
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Oct 1962. Communist Castro allows Soviet Premier Khrushchev to put nukes in Cuba. Kennedy quarantines Cuba with US navy & Khrushchev & Castro back down.
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Bay of Pigs-
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Kennedy-supported invasion of communist Cuba by anti-communist Cuban émigrés in 1961 that failed
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Berlin Wall-
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Built by communists (Khrushchev) in 1961 and became a symbol of the Cold War
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Alan Shepard-
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First American in space in 1961
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John Glen-
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First American to orbit the earth in 1962
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Tax Reduction Act-
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Kennedy’s tax cut (passed after his death in 1964) designed to spur economic growth
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Sit-ins-
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Civil Rights tactic of peacefully sitting at segregated lunch counters to bring attention to civil rights issues
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SNCC-
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Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (aka “Snick”). Led by Ella Baker it staged sit-ins throughout the South in the 1960s
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Freedom Rides-
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Organized by Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to draw attention to segregation in South in the 1960s
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Robert Kennedy-
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JFK’s brother and his Attorney General
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Birmingham, AL-
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Dubbed “the most segregated city in the US” by Shuttlesworth & King who were attacked by Bull Conner with dogs & fire hoses. Images on the evening news shocked many Americans and gave new energy to the civil rights movement. President Kennedy gave a televised address afterwards supporting civil rights which was hailed as a “Second Emancipation Proclamation”
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March on Washington-
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Aug 1963 civil rights demonstration where King gave his “I Have a Dream” speech
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Kennedy Assassination-
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Nov 22, 1963. Oswald kills Kennedy in Dallas TX.
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Lyndon B. Johnson-
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Kennedy’s VP who took over in Nov 1963 when Kennedy was assassinated
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Civil Rights Act of 1964-
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Most comprehensive civil rights bill. Its Title VII outlawed discrimination on basis of race, religion, ethnicity, or sex
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Freedom Summer-
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1964. Civil Rights activists go to Mississippi to register blacks to vote and provide other forms of support. 3 activists were murdered for their efforts
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Voting Rights Act of 1965-
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Eliminated literacy tests & other means of disenfranchising blacks
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Twenty-Forth Amendment-
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Outlawed Poll taxes
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Election of 1964-
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Johnson defeats conservative Republican Goldwater in a landslide
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Great Society-
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Johnson’s ambitious program of eliminating poverty, improving education, & generally helping the needy
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Elementary and Secondary-
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1965 Great Society law that granted $1 bil to needy schools
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Higher Education Act-
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1965 Great Society law that granted federal scholarships to needy students
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Medicare-
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Great Society law that gave federal healthcare to the elderly
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Medicaid-
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Great Society law that gave federal healthcare to the poor
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National Endowment for the Arts-
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Great Society law that helped artists
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National Endowment for the Humanities-
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Great Society law that helped historians
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Highway Beautification Act-
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1965 Great Society law to beautify highways
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Immigration Act-
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Great Society law that abandoned quotas for immigrants
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War on Poverty-
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Part of Johnson’s Great Society program designed to help people out of poverty
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Aid to Families with Dependent Children-
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AFDC. Great Society program to help poor families with children
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Food Stamps-
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1964 Great Society program to help poor people buy food
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Appalachian Regional Development Act-
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1965 Great Society law to help rural Appalachian region with clinics & public works projects
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Office of Economic Opportunity-
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OEO. 1964 Great Society program to fight war on poverty by guaranteeing equal opportunity & providing community action programs like Head Start, Job Corps & Volunteers in Service to America/VISTA
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