Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
A group of specialized cells that secrete a substance in response to signals
|
Glands
|
|
|
A specialty in medicine which studies the endocrine glands, their secretions, and their related disorders.
|
Endocrinology
|
|
|
Glands which secrete substances into ducts. These substances usually serve a protective or functional purpose but are not always 100% hormones.
|
Exocrine Glands
|
|
|
sweat glands, mamary glands, mucous membranes, and salivary glands are examples of…
|
Exocrine Glands
|
|
|
glands which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream (no ducts), are primarily regulatory in function, and act on remote tissues are called
|
endocrine glands
|
|
|
remote tissues acted on by the secretions of exocrine glands are also known as…
|
target tissues
|
|
|
chemical regulators that integrate and coordinate body activities. They speed up or slow down the activities of entire body organs or systems.
|
hormones
|
|
|
Growth and maturation, Metabolism, and Reproduction are all functions of the…
|
Endocrine system
|
|
|
The tiny but complex portion of the brain which is attached to the pituitary gland by means of the infundibular stalk (also called the hypophyseal stalk) is called the…
|
Hypothalamus
|
|
|
The hormones released by this are describes as releasing hormones or inhibiting hormones.
|
Hypothalamus
|
|
|
The hypothalamus either secretes or controls the secretions of the _________ gland.
|
Pituitary
|
|
|
The pituitary gland is also known as the __________.
|
Hypophysis
|
|
|
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is known as the _______________.
|
Adenohypophysis
|
|
|
The sdenohypophysis secretes several hormones known as _____________.
|
Glycoproteins
|
|
|
Five of the hormones produced by the adenohypophysis are grouped together into the ______________. These hormones control the growth, development, and function of the other endocrine glands.
|
Tropic Hormones
|
|
|
Released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of ACTH, or adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin)
|
CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
|
|
|
ACTH, released by the adenohypophysis in response to CRH (corticotropin) of the hypothalamus
|
adrenocorticotropic hormone
|
|
|
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce gluccocorticoids (such as cortisol) which are vital to metabolizing carbohydrates.
|
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
|
|
|
Released by the hypothalamus to stimulate release release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
|
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
|
|
|
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
|
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
|
|
|
The hypothalamus serves to inhibit Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) by releasing…
|
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)
|
|
|
Produced and released by the adenohypophysis in response to Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) by the hypothalamus
|
Growth Hormone (GH), Human Growth Hormone (hGH),or somatropin
|
|
|
Stimulates growth in all body tissues.
|
GH, hGH, or somatropin
|
|
|
The hormone released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the adenohypophysis to stimulate the sex glands of the body is called
|
Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
|
|
|
The hormones released by the adenohypophysis to stimulate the sex glands in the body are called…
|
Follicle- Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
|
|
|
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) produces __________________ in women, and _______________ in men.
|
Follicle Stimulation, Sperm Production
|
|
|
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) produces what in women?
|
Ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum
|
|
|
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in men is known as…
|
Interstitial- Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)
|
|
|
Interstitial- Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) produces what in men?
|
Influences the secretion of testosterone and other other sex hormones from specialized areas in the testes
|
|
|
Gonads
|
Reproductive organs
|
|
|
LH, ICSH, and FSH are known as ___________ hormones because they affect the ______, or reproductive organs.
|
Gonadotropic, Gonads
|
|
|
The hormone that stimulates milk production in women following pregnancy is known as…
|
Prolactin (PRL)
|
|
|
Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis in response to what hormone secreted by the hypothalamus?
|
Prolactin- Releasing Hormone (PRH)
|
|
|
The function of prolactin in men is…
|
Not understood at this time
|
|
|
The hypothalamus inhibits the production of prolactin by secreting what hormone?
|
Prolactin- Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)
|
|
|
Some texts identify a middle lobe of the pituitary gland. The most important hormone secreted there is the ______________________________, which is secreted in response to CRH, or Corticotropin- Releasing Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.
|
Melanocyte- Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
|
|
|
Melanocyte- Stimulating Hormone (MSH) influences _________________.
|
Skin Pigmentation
|
|
|
The hypothalamus inhibits production of MSH by the secretion of…
|
Melanocyte- Inhibiting Factor (MIF)
|
|
|
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is known as the...
|
Neurohypophysis
|
|
|
Actually an outgrowth of the hypothalamus and is embryonically derived from the nervous system.
|
Neurohypophysis
|
|
|
The two neurohypophyseal hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus and released by the neurohypophysis. They are…
|
Oxytocin and Vasopressin
|
|
|
Vasopressin is also known as…
|
Anti-Dieuretic Hormone (ADH)
|
|
|
Stimulates the contraction of the uterus during delivery and helps to keep it contracted after delivery (to prevent hemorraging)
|
Oxytocin
|
|
|
The trade name for the manmade variant of oxytocin is…
|
Pitocin (referred to as "Pit Drip" during delivery)
|
|
|
Stimulates contractions of blood vessels to raise the blood pressure; affects the uterus; and influences reabsorbtion (resorbtion) of water by the kidneys
|
Vasopressin, or Anti-Dieuretic Hormone (ADH)
|
|
|
The largest of the endocrine glands is the…
|
Thyroid gland
|
|
|
The gland that controls metabolism is the…
|
Thyroid gland
|
|
|
The thyroid gland secretes two hormones, they are…
|
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyroxine (T3)
|
|
|
T3 and T4 are synthesized from ______ by the thyroid gland
|
Iodine
|
|
|
If there is an innsufficient supply of dietary iodine the thyroid gland enlarges, creating a condition known as ______.
|
Goiter
|
|
|
The hormone that decreases the blood's calcium level is __________ or _______________ and is produced by the thyroid gland.
|
Calcitronin or Thyrocalcitronin
|
|
|
Pea- sized glands that lie on either side of the thyroid gland under the surface and are usually in pairs.
|
Parathyroid Glands
|
|
|
Hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood.
|
Parathormone or Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
|
|
|
In addition to increasing calcium levels in the blood PTH (Parathormone or Parathyroid Hormone) also promotes the formation of _________, a hormone synthesized from vitamin D, which increases the rate of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus absorbtion in the gastrointestinal tract.
|
Calcitrol
|
|
|
Patients with calcium defficiency will usually experience muscle twitching and spasms, and possibly seizures. This condition is known as…
|
Tetany
|
|
|
The two adrenal glands are located…
|
directly above (immediately superior) to the two kidneys, like hats.
|
|
|
The adrenal glands are also known as…
|
The Suprarenal Glands
|
|
|
The two divisions of the adrenal glands are known as…
|
The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
|
|
|
The central portion of the adrenal glands
|
The adrenal medulla
|
|
|
secrets hormones known as catecholamines which are made from amino acids
|
Adrenal Medulla
|
|
|
The two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and collectively known as catecholamines are…
|
epinephrine and norepinephrine
|
|
|
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are known collectively as…
|
Catecholamines
|
|
|
The adrenal medulla is not considered necessary for life because the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine mimic the functions of the…
|
Sympathetic Nervous System
|
|
|
The outer portion of the adrenal glands is known as the…
|
Adrenal Cortex
|
|
|
The adrenal cortex secretes many compounds known collectively as…
|
Corticosteroids or Corticoids.
|
|
|
The three divisions of corticosteroids (or corticoids) are…
|
Mineralocorticoids, Gluccocorticoids, and and the Sex Hormones (Androgens and Estrogens).
|
|
|
Mineralocorticoids regulate ___________ amounts in the body.
|
electrolyte
|
|
|
All of the corticosteroids (corticoids) are derived from __________.
|
Cholesterol
|
|
|
The most important mineralocorticoid which stimulates the reabsorption od sodium into the plasma is…
|
Aldosterone
|
|
|
The corticoids that have an important influence on the synthesis of glucose, amino acids, and fat are the…
|
Gluccocorticoids
|
|
|
The most predominant gluccocorticoid is…
|
Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)
|
|
|
"Moon Face" and "Buffalo hump" in patients taking gluccocorticoids is a sign of…
|
Redistribution of fat in the body.
|
|
|
The cone shaped gland located at the top portion of the brain's third ventricle.
|
Pineal Gland (Pineal Body)
|
|
|
Produces melatonin
|
Pineal Gland (Pineal Body)
|
|
|
Hormone thought to influence the body's sleep-wake cycle
|
Melatonin
|
|
|
The gonads, or glands of reproduction are the…
|
Testes and Ovaries
|
|
|
Produceds testosterone
|
Testes
|
|
|
Male sex hormones including testosterone are collectively known as…
|
Androgens
|
|
|
Ovaries produce ________ and ____________, which regulate female sex characteristics and menstruation.
|
Estrogens and Progesterone
|
|
|
The gland that is both endocrine and exocrine and releases digestive enzymes into a duct system leading to the small intestine.
|
The Pancreas
|
|
|
The endocrine portions of the pancreas reside in the ____________________, several million small islets scattered throughout its body and tail.
|
Islets of Langerhans (Pancreatic Islets)
|
|
|
Within the Islets of Langerhans are four types of cells which secrete pancreatic hormones. Those cells are…
|
Alpha, Beta, Delta, And F cells.
|
|
|
The hormones secreted by the alpha cells in the pancreas, which make up about 20 % of all the islets of langerhans is…
|
Glucagon
|
|
|
Glucagon ________ blood sugar levels.
|
Increases
|
|
|
The hormone secreted by Beta cells in the pancreas, which make up about 70% of all the islets of langerhans is…
|
Insulin
|
|
|
Insulin _________ blood sugar levels.
|
Decreases
|
|
|
after eating is referred to as…
|
Postprandial
|
|
|
Delta cells of the pancreas, which make up about 5% of the islets of langerhans, secrete…
|
Somatostatin
|
|
|
The secretion of the F cells of the pancreas, which make up about 5% of the islets of langerhans.
|
Pancreatic polypeptide
|
|
|
The gland located behind the breastbone and relatively large in children while becoming smaller after puberty is the…
|
Thymus Gland
|
|
|
The thymus gland produces…
|
Thymosin (Thymic Hormone)
|
|
|
Thymosin is known to stimulate production of…
|
T-cells (also called T-Lymphocytes, T-Helper Cells, or Thymus-Dependent Cells)
|
|
|
T-Cells are essential for development of…
|
Immunity and the body's ability to fight off infection.
|
|
|
Hormones that are very involved in the body's inflammatory process and are produces by most tissues of the body.
|
Leukotrienes (LT's)
|
|
|
Specialized fatty acids that were first isolated in the seminal fluid of the prostate. Not hormones, they nevertheless share many characteristics of hormones.
|
Prostaglandins
|
|
|
Prostaglandins effects are localized to the area…
|
in which they are produced.
|
|
|
Ibuprofen is an over the counter ___________ inhibitor, which works primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent
|
Prostaglandin
|
|
|
The body works primarily on _______ feedback.
|
Negative
|
