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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Measures subtle changes in brian electrical activity through electrodes placed on the head
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EEG (Electroencephalogram)
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Generate cross-sectional images of the brain through an X-ray like technique
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CAT scans (Computerized Axial Tomography)
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Similar to CAT scans, but genrates more highly detailed pictures of the brain. Only capture "snapshots of the brain"
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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
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Techniques that allow scientists to view the brain as it is working.
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Functional MRI and PET scans (Positron Emission Tomography)
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Nervous System composed of the brain and spinal cord
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Nervous System comprised of all other nerves in the body. Can be divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Central processing center for thoughts, motivations, and emotions
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Brain
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Nerve Cells
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Neurons
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Strands of interconnected neurons, respnsible for conveying information to and from the brain and PNS
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Nerves
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Nerves sending information TO the brain
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Afferents
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Nerves conveying information FROM the brain
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Efferents
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Quick and involuntary repsonses to environmental stimuli
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Reflexes
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Responsible for voluntary movement of large skeltal muscles.
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Somatic nervous system
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Controls the nonskeletal or smooth muscles such as those of the heart and digestive tract. Can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
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Autonomic Nervous system
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Associated with processes the burn energy- preparaion tof fight of flight reactions.
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Sympathetic nervous system
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System responsible for conserving energy, calms down the body after the fight is over
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Parasympathetic Nervous system
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3 Regions that the brain is divided into
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Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
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Contains the limbic system, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex
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Forebrain
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Area of the brain involved in learning, emotion, and memory. Comprises the hippocampus, amygdala, and septum
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Limbic System
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Involved in learning and memory formation. Damage does not eliminate existing memories, but prevents the formation of new memories. (Anterograde amnesia)
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Hippocampus
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Implicated in anger, seems to relate more to agression
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Amygdala
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Implicated in anger, seems to relate more to fear
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Septum
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Controls temperature and water balance of the body as well as the autonomic nervous system (maintains homeostasis)
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Hypothalamus
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Gateway for most of the sensory input to the brain. Relays input to regions of cerebral cortex through neural projections (Relay station)
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Thalamus
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Wrinkled outer layer of the brian, involved in higher cognitive functions, such as thinking, planning, launguage use, and fine motor control. Receives sensory input from the thalamus
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Cerebral Cortex
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Location of the reticular activating system
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Midbrain
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Network of neurons responsible for conciousness, attention, sleeping, and wakefulness
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Reticular activating system
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Midbrain, hindbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus form the ___________, the junction between the brain and the spinal cord.
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Brain Stem
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Made up of the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and pons
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Hindbrain
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Controls muscle tone and balance
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Cerebellum
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Controls heart rate, swallowing, breathing, and digestion
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Medulla Oblongata
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Way station, passing neural information from one brain area to another
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Pons
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Information transformation that occurs on the same side of the body and brain
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Ipsilateral
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Hemisphere typically specialized for lanuage processing, first noticed by Paul Broca
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Left Hemisphere
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Brain damage to the left hemispere may result in _______, loss of speaking ability.
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Aphasia
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Performed split brain experiments in which the corpus collusum is cut.
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Roger Sperry
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Lobe responsible for higher level thought and reasoning; contains primary motor cortez
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Frontal lobe
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Lobe that handles somatosensory information, home of primary somatosensory cortex. Receives information about temperature, pressure, texture, and pain
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Parietal Lobe
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Lobe that handles auditory input and is critical for processing speech and appreciating music
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Temporal Lobe
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Lobe that processes visual input
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Occipital Lobe
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Inability to organize movement
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Apraxia
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Difficulty in processing sensory input
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Agnosia
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Inability to read
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Alexia
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Receive input from other neurons through receptors on their surface
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Dendrites
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Long, tubelike structure that reponds to input from dendrites and soma
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Axon
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