A&p 2 Final Review-Ch 22, 23, 26-(Test 2)

Front 1

Which of the following is Not True regarding the lymphatic system?

- removes excess fluids from the tissues

- absorbs fats from the digestive tract

- defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances

- produces erythrocytes

- circulates lymphatic fluid throughout the body

Back 1

Produces erythrocytes

Front 2

Microscopic closed end tubes in the lymphatic system composed of simple squamous epithelium are called?

-capillaries

-vessels

-ducts

-all of these

-non of these

Back 2

Capillaries

Front 3

Lymph is returned to the blood circulatory system through the

-hepatic portal system

-subclavian veins

-abdominal aorta

-inferior vena cava

Back 3

Subclavian Veins

Front 4

Which of the following correctly lists the structures according to the sequence of fluid flow?

Back 4

Blood Capillaries

Interstitial Spaces

Lymphatic Capillaries

Lymphatic Vessels

Lymphatic Ducts

Subclavian Veins

Front 5

What is the largest lymphatic tissue?

Back 5

Spleen

Front 6

Lacteals are found in the?

Back 6

Small Intestines

Front 7

Which of the following would not be associated with non-specific resistance (Innate Immunity)

Back 7

Inflammation

Front 8

Which of these conditions does not occur as a result of the inflammatory response?

Back 8

Vasconstriction of blood vessels

Front 9

Which of the following is NOT paired correctly with it's function

-spleen--acts as a blood and platelet reservoir

-lymphatic vessel--circulates lymphatic fluid

-Thymus gland--location for maturation and proliferation of B-cells

-tonsils--protects against microorganisms

Back 9

Thymus Gland--T-lymphocytes and T-cells

Front 10

Plasma cells are a form of

Back 10

B-cells

Front 11

Antibodies are directly produced from which type of cell?

Back 11

Plasma cells

Front 12

The following are characteristics of antigens except

Back 12

They can destroy bacteria by phagocytosis

Front 13

The type of lymphocyte that is responsible for the secondary antibody response is the

Back 13

Memory B cell

Front 14

Receiving an immunization with an altered form of the influenza virus results in

Back 14

artificially acquired active immunity

Front 15

Which type of hemoglobin is represented by the highest percentage and crosses the placenta to the fetus?

Back 15

IgG

Front 16

Which of the following conditions describes an immune system that is overly reactive to substances tolerated by others?

Back 16

Hypersensitivity

Front 17

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

Back 17

Elimination of nitrogen waste (ex. ammonia)

Front 18

What is the correct sequence for the passageway of air through the respiratory system?

-Trachea - Terminal Bronchioles

-Nasal Cavity - Alveolar Sacs

-Alveolus -Secondary Bronchi

-Primary Bronchi

Back 18

Nasal Cavity

Trachea

Primary Bronchi

Secondary Bronchi

Terminal Bronchioles

Alveolar Sacs

Alveolus

Front 19

Which of the following are true regarding the true vocal cords?

Back 19

-They are Found in the larynx

-Vibrations of the anterior folds=increase frequency and pitch

-Vibrations of the longer sections=decrease frequency and pitch

Front 20

What are the purpose of the cartilage rings?

Back 20

Prevents the trachea from collasping

Front 21

The conduction zone of the tracheobronchial tree ends at the

Back 21

Terminal Bronchioles

Front 22

This is the primary gas exchange site

Back 22

Alveolus

Front 23

Which of the following cells of the alveoli produce surfactant?

Back 23

Type 2 Alveolar cells

Front 24

When the inhalation muscle contract...

Back 24

The size of the thoracic cavity increases in length

The size of the thoracic cavity increases in diameter

Front 25

Exhalation begins when

Back 25

Inspiratory muscle relaxes

Front 26

During the process of expiration/exhalation, the alveolar pressure is

Back 26

Greater than the barometric pressure

Front 27

Pulmonary surfactant acts to

Back 27

-Lower the surface tension of the alveoli

-Prevent the barometric pressure

-Prevent dehydration of the alveolar surface

- Keep the alveoli from sticking together

Front 28

This means the lung and chest wall expand easily

Back 28

High Compliance

Front 29

This part of the pharynx extends from the nasal cavity to the soft palate

Back 29

nasopharynx

Front 30

You are traveling in a space capsule that has lost all power to control the atmosphere. If the pressure inside the capsule is now 900mmHg and the concentration of oxygen is 20%, what would the PO2 be?

Back 30

180mmHg

Front 31

Given these lung volumes, calculate the vital capacity

1. Tidal volume=500ml

2. Inspiratory reserve volume=2500ml

3. Residual Volume=100ml

4. Expiratory reserve volume=100ml

5. Dead Space=100ml

Back 31

4000ml

Front 32

Which of the following is incorrect

-decrease surface area in the alveoli, decrease rate of gas exchange

-Increase the partial pressure differences of gases, decrease rate of gas exchange

-increase the diffusion distance across the respiratory membrane, decrease the rate of gas exchange

-Increase the partial pressure difference of gases, increase rate of gas exchange

Back 32

Increase the partial pressure differences of gases, decrease rate of gas exchange

Front 33

Which of the following would increase hemoglobin's ability to bind oxygen?

-decrease in temperature

-increase in blood pH

-decrease in blood CO2 concentration

-All of These

Back 33

All of these

Front 34

Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood

Back 34

bound to hemoglobin

Front 35

Most of the CO2 is transported in the blood is

Back 35

in the plasma as the bicarbonate ion (HCO3)

Front 36

An enzyme that speeds up the reaction of carbon dioxide and water:

CO2+H2O<-->H2CO3?

Back 36

Carbonic Anhydrase

Front 37

When bicarbonate ion diffuses out of red blood cells into plasma, it is usually exchanged with which ion

Back 37

Chloride

Front 38

The respiratory areas that controls the basic rhythm of respiration and transitions between inhalation and exhalation are located in the

Back 38

pons & medulla oblongata

Front 39

The chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies:

-affects the respiratory center when blood carbon dioxide levels change

-affects the respiratory center when blood pH changes

- affects the respiratory center when blood oxygen levels change

- All of these

Back 39

All of these

Front 40

The residual volume is the amount of air

Back 40

remaining in the lungs after forced expiration

Front 41

The tidal volume is

Back 41

Volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in a single quiet breath

Front 42

Results in the loss of cilia, increases accumulation of mucus

Back 42

Whooping Cough

Front 43

Results in the formation of a grayish membrane in the throat

Back 43

Diphtheria

Front 44

An inherited disorder that affects secretory cells and increases mucus formation

Back 44

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 45

Controls the ability to voluntarily hold your breath

Back 45

cerebral cortex

Front 46

Collapse of lungs in premature infants

Back 46

Respiratory Distress syndrome

Front 47

The blood flow resistance in the efferent arteriole is greater than the blood flow resistance in the afferent arteriole

Back 47

True

Front 48

Fever production enhances the activities of the immune system

Back 48

True

Front 49

The fluid from blood capillaries that is found between cells is called lymph

Back 49

False

Front 50

A graph versus host rejection occurs when the recipient recognizes the donor tissue as foreign

Back 50

False

Front 51

Adaptive or specific immunity responds exactly the same each time the body encounters certain microorganisms and harmful chemicals

Back 51

False

Front 52

What is not a general function of the kidneys

Back 52

regulation of blood cell size

Front 53

Process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder

Back 53

Micturition

Front 54

What is the correct sequence as urine leaves the nephron and travels to the outside of the body

Back 54

Renal Papilla

Minor Calyx

Major Calyx

Renal Pelvis

Ureter

Urinary Bladder

Urethra

Front 55

Which of the following muscles is involved in the voluntary control of urination

Back 55

External Urinary Sphincter

Front 56

The entire functional subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is called the

Back 56

Nephron

Front 57

What is the correct order of vessels of blood flow

Back 57

Renal Artery

Afferent Arteriole

Glomerulus

Efferent Arteriole

Peritubular Capillaries

Renal Vein

Front 58

Which of the following contains blood

Back 58

Glomerulus

Front 59

The juxtaglomerular cells of the _____ and the macula densa cells of the ____ form the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Back 59

Afferent arterioles; Ascending Loop of Henle (LH)

Front 60

Given the following structures; what is the correct path the filtrate takes from the time it enters bowman capsule until it reaches the ureters

Loop of Henle

Collecting Duct

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Back 60

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Loop of Henle

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Collecting Duct

Front 61

Which of these is located in the medulla of the kidney

Back 61

Loops Of Henle

Front 62

Kidney function includes which of these processes?

-Filtration

-Absorption

-Secretion

-All of These

Back 62

All of these

Front 63

The process of reabsorption during the formation of urine ensures that

Back 63

glucose, salts, and water are returned to the blood

Front 64

Filtration of the blood in the kidney takes place in the

Back 64

Bowman's Capsule

Front 65

All of the following are factors in the glomerular filter except

Back 65

Microvilli

Front 66

On average, how much urine is produced in 24 hours

Back 66

1-2 liters

Front 67

The primary means of water movement between fluid compartment is

Back 67

osmosis

Front 68

Approximately what percentage of the total glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed

Back 68

99%

Front 69

Aldosterone stimulates the tubule to reabsorb

Back 69

Na+ (Sodium)

Front 70

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances

Back 70

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Front 71

Which of the following is not a mechanism that controls the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Back 71

Chemical regulation of ions

Front 72

When angiotensin II is present in the blood, it stimulates an increase in blood pressure by

-Increasing aldosterone secretion

-Causing vasoconstriction of the arterioles

-Increasing blood volume

-All of these

Back 72

All of these

Front 73

ADH production

Back 73

causes and increase permeability of kidney tubules (nephrons) to water

Front 74

Which of the following is not an effect of aging on the urinary bladder

Back 74

Secretion Increases

Front 75

Normal blood pH is

Back 75

7.4

Front 76

The cough reflex is triggered by irritation near an important medical landmark called the

Back 76

Carina

Front 77

During an asthma attack, the patient has difficulty breathing because of the constriction of the

Back 77

Terminal Bronchioles