A&p Ii Final Ch. 23 Mastering

Front 1

The reaction A + B + energy --> AB is a(n) __________.

Back 1

anabolic reaction

Front 2

ATP production by direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate-containing molecule to ADP is called __________.

Back 2

substrate-level phosphorylation

Front 3

ATP hydrolysis would yield all of the following, EXCEPT __________.

Back 3

adenosine

Front 4

The sum of all biochemical reactions that take place in the human body at any given time is called __________.

Back 4

metabolism

Front 5

A substance that is oxidized __________.

Back 5

loses electrons

Front 6

When a substance or molecule is reduced it __________.

Back 6

gains electrons

Front 7

The breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose in the body is classified as:

Back 7

catabolism.

Front 8

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient monomer used by the body to generate ATP?

Back 8

nucleic acids

Front 9

Protein catabolism results in:

Back 9

amino acids.

Front 10

What do endergonic reactions require?

Back 10

energy

Front 11

Substances that lose electrons are said to be:

Back 11

oxidized.

Front 12

Electron transfer reactions are termed oxidation-________ reactions.

Back 12

reduction

Front 13

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

Back 13

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Front 14

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

Back 14

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Front 15

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Back 15

glycolysis

Front 16

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

Back 16

mitochondrion

Front 17

Which statement describes glycolysis?

Back 17

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Front 18

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

Back 18

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Front 19

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

Back 19

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Front 20

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

Back 20

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Front 21

Complete the formula for glucose catabolism (cell reparation): C6H12O6 + ___ --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + _____+ heat

Back 21

6O2; 38 ATP

Front 22

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is __________.

Back 22

oxygen

Front 23

__________ ATP molecules are produced via the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

Back 23

34

Front 24

In glycolysis, glucose is split into two __________.

Back 24

pyruvates

Front 25

The molecule that acts as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is __________

Back 25

oxygen

Front 26

What is NOT required for glycolysis to occur?

Back 26

mitochondrion

Front 27

Carbon dioxide results from the loss of carbons during:

Back 27

the citric acid cycle.

Front 28

If NADH and FADH2 fail to be oxidized as part of the electron transport chain (ETC), what is affected?

Back 28

the electromotive force required to drive the electron transport chain (ETC)

Front 29

If oxygen was NOT available as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which cellular respiration product could not be made?

Back 29

water

Front 30

What is required for glucose catabolism to proceed beyond glycolysis?

Back 30

oxygen

Front 31

How many ATP molecules are made when one glucose molecule is completely oxidized?

Back 31

38

Front 32

Which of the following is a waste product from amino acid catabolism?

Back 32

urea

Front 33

Ammonia is a byproduct from __________.

Back 33

deamination

Front 34

Julia has diabetes mellitus and is experiencing ketoacidosis. What does her body use to generate ATP?

Back 34

fatty acids

Front 35

What type of organic molecule must undergo transamination prior to being used for ATP synthesis?

Back 35

amino acids

Front 36

Under normal conditions, where should we expect to see most urea?

Back 36

urine

Front 37

Excess amino acids are __________.

Back 37

converted to glucose and fatty acids

Front 38

Excess dietary proteins may become all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 38

glycerol.

Front 39

You would expect leptin deficient mice to be __________.

Back 39

obese and overeating

Front 40

A series of reactions in the cytosol that split glucose

Back 40

glycolysis

Front 41

The process that stores excess glucose in skeletal muscle and hepatocytes

Back 41

glycogenesis

Front 42

The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules such as glycerol or certain amino acids

Back 42

gluconeogenesis

Front 43

The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules

Back 43

glycogenolysis

Front 44

A pancreatic hormone that is released in response to a decreasing blood glucose concentration

Back 44

glucagon

Front 45

What hormone suppresses the appetite?

Back 45

leptin

Front 46

The metabolic rate will increase __________.

Back 46

with increased muscle mass

Front 47

Which of the following body temperatures is recognized as hypothermia?

Back 47

below 32 °C (89.6 °F)

Front 48

Molecules that can only be obtained from the diet are called __________.

Back 48

essential nutrients

Front 49

Current USDA guidelines for a healthy diet are called __________.

Back 49

MyPlate

Front 50

A patient with a BMI of 20 will be classified as __________.

Back 50

normal weight

Front 51

Which of the following is a dietary source for lipids?

Back 51

eggs

Front 52

Recommended daily intake of Calories for this category consists of about 45—65% of the diet

Back 52

carbohydrates

Front 53

Amino acids make up this group

Back 53

proteins

Front 54

Classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble

Back 54

vitamins

Front 55

Dietary sources include butter, cream, cheese, and plant oils

Back 55

lipids

Front 56

Any element other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that is required by living organisms

Back 56

minerals

Front 57

Essential nutrients:

Back 57

are only obtained through the diet.

Front 58

Which of the following food sources is a poor source of minerals?

Back 58

high-fat foods

Front 59

Select the two factors upon which body mass index depends.

Back 59

height and weight

Front 60

What percentage of the total Caloric intake should be saturated fats?

Back 60

no greater than 10%

Front 61

Recommended daily intake of carbohydrates should mostly come from:

Back 61

polysaccharides.