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560 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what type of tissue is found on the lung slide?
|
simple squamous
|
|
simple squamous is found on what tissue slide?
|
the lung slide
|
|
simple squamous is found within the walls of the ______
|
alveoli
|
|
the walls of alveoli are lined with what tissue?
|
simple squamous
|
|
what does the name "simple squamous" mean when you break it down into it's 2-part name?
|
single layer of cells that are flat and pancake-like
|
|
how are the nuclei in simple squamous cells shaped?
|
disc-like
|
|
simple squamous tissues contain little cytoplasm-T or F?
|
true
|
|
this type of tissue can resemble a tiled floor or fried eggs, depending on which way it is cut.
|
simple squamous
|
|
T or F
a function of simple squamous is filtration. |
true
|
|
T of F
a function of simple squamous is exchange of substances by rapid diffusion. |
true
|
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T or F
the simple squamous in the alveoli allow for gas exchange. |
true
|
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T or F
the simple cuboidal in the kidney is part of the filtration membrane. |
true
|
|
T or F
the nuclei in simple squamous are speckled throughout the tissue. |
true
|
|
simple cuboidal tissue is found where?
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in the kidney tubules, small gland ducts and ovary surfaces
|
|
simple cuboidal can be lamenly termed as _________.
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a single layer of cube-like cells
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in simple cuboidal, the nuclei are shaped how?
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large and spherical
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the book says this tissue often appears to be a string of beads.
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simple cuboidal
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this type of tissue is found in the kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of glands and the ovary surface
|
simple cuboidal
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Does simple cuboidal have a basement membrane?
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yes
|
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Does simple squamous have a basement membrane?
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no
|
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two important functions of simple cuboidal tissues are _____.
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secretion and absorption
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simple ciliated columnar tissue can be found on what slide?
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trachea
|
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this type of tissue is found throughout the respiratory tract, including the trachea.
|
simple ciliated columnar
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simple ciliated columnar can be lamenly worded as ______.
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a single layer of column-shaped cells with cilia
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|
where are the nuclei in simple columnar cells typically found?
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toward the base of the cell
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|
do simple columnar cells have a basement membrane?
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yes
|
|
what is the purpose of cilia?
|
to propel mucus and other substances across tissue surfaces
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|
simple columnar tissues contain a cell that secretes mucin. what is this cell's name?
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goblet cell
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goblet cells can be found in what two tissue types?
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simple ciliated columnar and simple non-ciliated columnar
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|
how to goblet cells appear under a microscope?
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as an oval-shaped white/clear cell (think ziplock bag)
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another name for simple ciliated columnar tissue is ______.
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pseudostratified.
|
|
pseudostratified is another name for what type of tissue?
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simple ciliated columnar
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only the tallest of this tissue type reach the free surface.
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pseudostratified or simple ciliated columnar
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the nuclei in this tissue rest at different levels, giving it a false appearance of being stratified
|
pseudostratified or simple ciliated columnar
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a function of pseudostratified or simple ciliated columnar tissue is to secrete or absorb substances. T or F
|
true
|
|
T or F
a purpose of mucin or mucus is to be a dust-trapper. |
true
|
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this tissues name is translated into: false multiple layers of columns
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pseudostratified
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T or F
a function of pseudostratified or simple ciliated columnar tissue is propulsion of mucus by ciliary action. |
true
|
|
pseudostratified can be found in the sperm ducts, the respiratory tract and the trachea. T or F
|
true
|
|
where can pseudostratified tissue be found?
|
in the trachea, the respiratory tract and the sperm ducts
|
|
under a microscope, this tissue can be seen in this order from top to bottom: cilia, goblet cells, simple columnar cells, basement membrane.
|
pseudostratified or simple ciliated columnar
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simple non-ciliated columnar are different from simple ciliated columnar because they lack what?
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cilia
|
|
simple non-ciliated columnar tissues are found where?
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in the digestive tract from stomach to anal canal, the GB, some excretory gland ducts, bronchi
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|
what type of tissue can be found in the bronchi, the GB, and the digestive tract?
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simple non-ciliated columnar
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|
are goblet cells found in simple non-ciliated columnar?
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yes
|
|
does simple non-ciliated columnar have a basement membrane?
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yes
|
|
the simple non-ciliated columnar is typically found on what slide?
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the stomach slide
|
|
simple non-ciliated columnar typically has this microscopic, fingerlike projection on it.
|
microvilli
|
|
microvilli can be found on what tissue found in the stomach?
|
simple non-ciliated columnar
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|
simple non-ciliated columnar functions include secretion and absorption. T or F
|
true
|
|
this substance is known as a lubricating mucus
|
mucin
|
|
the lubricating substance mucin is secreted by what cells and can be found in what two epithelial tissue types?
|
goblet cells, and found in simple ciliated columnar or pseudostratified and simple non-ciliated columnar
|
|
stratified squamous tissue can be found where?
|
in the esophagus, mouth, vagina and skin
|
|
stratified squamous can be lamenly termed as _______.
|
multiple layers of cells that are flat and pancake-like
|
|
do stratified squamous tissues have a basement membrane?
|
yes
|
|
stratified squamous can be found where surfaces are subject to _______, or wear and tear.
|
abrasion
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|
the tissues subject to continuous abrasion are lined with what tissue?
|
stratified squamous
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this type of tissue is constantly being rubbed away, usually by wear and tear.
|
stratified squamous
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|
this type of tissue is usually squamous at the surface and cuboidal or columnar at the basement membrane.
|
stratified squamous
|
|
this type of tissue is replaced by cell division at the basement membrane.
|
stratified squamous
|
|
what type of tissue is constantly subject to wear and tear?
|
stratified squamous
|
|
what tissue is replaced by division from basal cells at the basement membrane?
|
stratified squamous
|
|
in this epithelial tissue, the cells at the apical surface are dead and those near the basement membrane are not.
|
stratified squamous
|
|
T or F
a keratinized version of stratified squamous is found in the epidermis. |
true
|
|
this tissue forms the external skin and extends into every body opening that is continuous with the skin (esophagus, vagina, etc)
|
stratified squamous
|
|
to be keratinized means that ________________________.
|
the surface cells contain keratin, a tough, protective protein
|
|
the presence of this tough, protective protein means that the cells are _______.
|
keratinized
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|
keratinized cells are typically found only on the surface. T or F
|
true
|
|
examples of keratinized surfaces/items are _______________.
|
the epidermis, nails
|
|
the typical line-up of this tissue under a microscope is: multiple layers of flat pancake shaped cells, their nuclei mixed within, multiple layers of cuboidal or columnar cells, a basement membrane and connective tissue.
|
stratified squamous
|
|
what is the function of stratified squamous tissue?
|
to protect underlying tissues subject to abrasion
|
|
protection of underlying tissues that are subject to abrasion is a function of what tissue?
|
stratified squamous
|
|
transitional tissue can be found where?
|
in the bladder, ureters, and part of urethra
|
|
what type of tissue can be found in the ureters, bladder and urethra?
|
transitional
|
|
transitional tissue can be recognized by it's uppermost layer, that are usually what shape?
|
dome or bulbous shaped
|
|
transitional tissue can be recognized by a color change under a microscope. what is the color change?
|
dark pink to light pink
|
|
in this tissue, from top to bottom, you will find dome shaped cells, cuboidal or columnar cells, a basement membrane and connective tissue.
|
transitional
|
|
does transitional tissue have a basement membrane?
|
yes
|
|
this tissue lines the hollow, urinary organs.
|
transitional
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|
when transitional tissue is distended, it's epithelium thins from 6 layers to 3. T or F
|
true
|
|
when distended, the transitional cells become squamous-like in shape/appearance. T or F
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true
|
|
what is the purpose of transitional epithelia?
|
the stretch and allow distention of urinary organs
|
|
to stretch and allow distention is a function of what tissue and can be found in what organs?
|
transitional, found in urinary organs (ureters, bladder, urethra)
|
|
does the stretching of transitional cells allow for a greater volume of urine to flow thru or be contained within urinary organs?
|
yes
|
|
this tissue is spread across the body and is the most abundant and widely distributed primary tissue.
|
connective tissue
|
|
this tissue is mostly wall to wall cells.
|
epithelial tissue
|
|
this tissue contains little background matrix.
|
epithelial tissue
|
|
in a cross section cut, all epithelial tissues have this many sides.
|
six
|
|
this type of tissue resembles a honeycomb under a microscope.
|
epithelial
|
|
the polyhedral shape of epithelial tissues allows them to be closely packed. T or F
|
true
|
|
the nucleus of a squamous cell is shaped how?
|
flat and disc-like
|
|
the nucleus of a cuboidal cell is shaped how?
|
spherical
|
|
the nucleus of a columnar cell is shaped how?
|
elongated from top to bottom and located close to the cell base
|
|
when trying to identify an epithelial cell, it is important to keep _____ shape in mind.
|
nucleus shape
(flat and disclike, spherical, and elongated) |
|
stratified epithelia contain multiple cell shapes (squamous, columnar, etc)
to avoid confusion, stratified cells are named for the cells in the apical layer. T or F |
true
|
|
simple epithelia functions are absorption, secretion and filtration. T or F
|
true
|
|
absorption, secretion and filtration are functions of what tissue?
|
epithelial
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|
stratified tissues generate from below, or the basal cells. T or F
|
true
|
|
the basal cells of this epithelial tissue push upwards, replacing older surface cells.
|
stratified epithelia
|
|
the major role of this tissue is protection (usually against abrasion).
|
stratified epithelia
|
|
what are the four main classes of connective tissues?
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connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue and blood
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|
cartilage is a type of this tissue.
|
connective
|
|
bone is a type of this tissue.
|
connective
|
|
blood is a type of this tissue.
|
connective
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|
this is the only liquid connective tissue
|
blood
|
|
other than "to connect" functions of connective tissue are:
|
bind and support, protect, insulate and transport substances (blood)
|
|
binding and support, protection, insulation and substance transport are functions of what tissue?
|
connective
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|
bone and cartilage support and protect organs by:
|
providing the hard underpinnings of the skeleton
|
|
by providing the hard underpinnings of the skeleton, these two tissues support and protect organs.
|
bone and cartilage (connective tissue)
|
|
a connective tissue, fat cushions insulate the body, protect by absorbing/dispersing shock and reserve energy. T or F
|
true
|
|
an embryonic tissue, mesenchyme, is the origination of this tissue type
|
connective
|
|
a common origin, degrees of vascularity and a large, nonliving matrix are common properties of what tissue?
|
connective
|
|
cartilage is avascular; T or F
|
true
|
|
dense connective tissue is poorly vascularized; T or F
|
true
|
|
other than cartilage and dense connective tissue, all other connective tissues are richly vascularized; T or F
|
true
|
|
this tissue is mostly nonliving extracellular matrix
|
connective
|
|
another name for extracellular matrix is __________.
|
background matrix/substance
|
|
connective tissue is able to bear weight, great tension and physical trauma/abrasion; T or F
|
true
|
|
no other tissue can tolerate the weight, tension and trauma that connective tissue can. T or F
|
true
|
|
Info: even though it is widespread, connective tissue is found in various amounts of each organ.
|
skin is primarily connective, brain has very little connective
|
|
three main elements of connective tissue:
|
ground substance, fibers, cells
|
|
cells, fibers and ground substance are the three main elements of what tissue?
|
connective
|
|
T or F
connective tissue background varies to perform different functions, like being a soft packing or forming strong, hard ropes |
true
|
|
unstructured material that fills spaces between cells and contains fibers is known as:
|
matrix/ground substance
|
|
the fibers of connective tissue provide support. T or F
|
true
|
|
the three types of fibers in connective tissue are:
|
collagen, reticular and elastic
|
|
collagen, reticular and elastic are types of fibers in what tissue?
|
connective
|
|
this is a structural protein, three strand braid of fiber.
|
collagen fiber
|
|
this type of fiber is stronger than steel fibers of the same size.
|
collagen
|
|
when fresh, and sometimes under the microscope, these fibers appear white and shiny
|
collagen fibers
|
|
these connective tissue fibers form long, branching networks in the matrix.
|
reticular fibers
|
|
because these fibers contain elastin, they are able to stretch and recoil like rubber.
|
elatic fibers
|
|
elastin is a protein that makes up what type of connective tissue fiber?
|
elastic fibers
|
|
elastic fibers are found where great elasticity is needed. T or F
|
true
|
|
great elasticity is needed in the skin, lungs and blood vessels for expansion and recoil, making this an abundant connective tissue fiber type present.
|
elastic fibers
|
|
sometimes this connective tissue fiber appears yellow.
|
elastic
|
|
short, fine collagenous fibers, continuous with collagen fibers are known as
|
reticular fibers
|
|
reticular fibers are short, fine, and collagenous. T or F
|
true
|
|
these are the branching fibers in connective tissue.
|
reticular fibers
|
|
this fiber in connective tissue surrounds small blood vessels and supports soft tissue of organs.
|
reticular fibers
|
|
name the four primary blast cell types
|
fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, stem cells
|
|
the cell that secretes new fibers:
|
fibroblast
|
|
cell that secretes new bone:
|
osteoblast
|
|
cell that secretes new cartilage:
|
chondroblast
|
|
cyte
|
a cell
|
|
fibro:
|
fiber
|
|
chondro:
|
cartilage
|
|
osteo:
|
bone
|
|
function of a clast
|
eat away
|
|
white blood cells are aka
|
immunological cells
|
|
immunological cells are aka
|
white blood cells
|
|
mast cells and macrophages are types of:
|
WBCs or immunological cells
|
|
WBCs (mast and macrophages) are found in connective tissues and are defensive mechanisms. T or F
|
true
|
|
these immunological cells detect foreign substances and initiate an inflammatory response.
|
mast cells
|
|
mast cells are responsible for detecting 'bugs' and initiating an inflammatory response. T or F
|
true
|
|
phagocytize means to:
|
engulf and consume/kill pathogens or foreign bodies
|
|
these cells phagocytize.
|
macrophages
|
|
macrophages are large cells that consume everything from dust to bacteria. T or F
|
true
|
|
these immunological cells can be attached to connective tissues or migrate freely within the matrix.
|
macrophages
|
|
these 'big eaters' are peppered throughout connective tissue, bone marrow and lymph tissue.
|
macrophages
|
|
during early embryonic development, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into connective tissue cells. T or F
|
true
|
|
loose connective and dense connective are types of this tissue:
|
connective tissue proper
|
|
connective tissue proper has two types of tissue:
|
loose connective and dense connective
|
|
areolar, adipose and reticular are types of what connective tissue?
|
loose connective
|
|
dense regular, dense irregular and elastic are types of what connective tissue?
|
dense connective
|
|
dense connective has three subtypes of tissue; name them.
|
dense regular, dense irregular and elastic
|
|
loose connective has three subtypes of tissue; name them.
|
areolar, adipose and reticular
|
|
functions of areolar connective tissue are:
|
support and binding (role of fibers), hold body fluids (role of ground substance), immunity (mast, macrophages), nutrient storage (in fat cells)
|
|
to hold body fluids (role of ground substance), support and bind (fibers), immunity (mast and macrophages), and nutrient storage (within fat cells) are functions of what loose connective tissue?
|
areolar
|
|
what blast type is visible in areolar connective tissue?
|
fibroblasts
|
|
areolar is a type of what tissue?
|
loose connective
|
|
three fiber types exist within this tissue type.
|
areolar
|
|
areolar contains how many fiber types within it?
|
three
|
|
what are the three fiber types present in areolar (loose) connective tissue?
|
collage, reticular, elastic
|
|
collagen, reticular and elatic fibers are all present in what loose connective tissue?
|
areolar
|
|
T or F
this is a trick question |
LOL
time for a laugh!! |
|
macrophages, mast cells and other WBCs are present in areolar connective tissue. T or F
|
true
|
|
areolar connective tissue is widely distributed under epithelia, forming a soft packing. T or F
|
true
|
|
this tissue is found under epithelia, in mucous membranes and organ packing.
|
areolar
|
|
this loose connective tissue forms a soft packing under epithelial tissue
|
areolar connective tissue
|
|
the thick, dark pink fibers in areolar connective tissue are:
|
collagen fibers
|
|
the lighter pink, branching fibers in areolar connective tissue are:
|
reticular fibers
|
|
the black, squiggly lines throughout areolar connective tissue are:
|
elastic fibers
|
|
areolar connective tissue can be found on what slide:
|
areolar connective tissue slide
(dumb, i know, but the lab pract. paper says this) |
|
this connective tissue provides a reservoir for water and salts, all body cells obtain their nutrients from and release their wastes into this tissue
|
areolar
|
|
this connective tissue soaks up excess fluids from a condition called edema
|
areolar
|
|
the most widely distributed connective tissue in the body is:
|
areolar
|
|
adipose is another name for
|
fat
|
|
adipocytes account for 90% of this tissue's makeup.
|
adipose
|
|
the matrix of this tissue is scant and cells are tightly packed, giving it a chicken wire appearance.
|
adipose
|
|
adipose and simple squamous appear similar; adipose can be distiguised by it's lack of multinuclei; T or F
|
true
|
|
adipose tissue is found where?
|
under skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, in abdomen and breasts
|
|
this cushioning, nutrient storing tissue is found in the breasts and abdomen, under the skin and around the kidneys and eyeballs.
|
adipose
|
|
the functions of adipose tissue are:
|
reserve food fuel, insulation against heat loss, support and protect organs
|
|
to insulate against heat loss, support and protect organs and reserve food fuel are functions or what loose connective tissue?
|
adipose
|
|
a vacuole that contains a fat globule is found in what slide?
|
adipose
|
|
this loose connective tissue is known for being a shock absorber, and insulator and energy store-er
|
adipose
|
|
more specifically, adipose can be found around the lymph nodes and heart, within some muscles and as individual fat cells within the marrow. T or F
|
true
|
|
reticular connective tissue is a type of loose or dense connective?
|
loose
|
|
this tissue is a network of elastic fibers in loose ground substance with immunological cells present.
|
reticular
|
|
reticular connective tissue can be found on what slide?
|
lymph node slide
|
|
the lymph node slide will display what type of loose connective tissue?
|
reticular connective tissue
|
|
only reticular fibers are present in this loose connective tissue.
|
reticular connective tissue
|
|
reticular tissue forms a 'bed' or labyrinth-like stroma where?
|
in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow
|
|
what tissue can be found in the spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes?
|
reticular connective tissue
|
|
dense regular tissue contains what strong fiber running in one direction?
|
collagen
|
|
what type of fiber runs in a long, continuous pattern, parallel to the pull direction?
|
collagen
|
|
this dense connective tissue runs in a sinusoidal wave.
|
dense regular
|
|
collage is the main fiber in this dense connective tissue.
|
dense regular
|
|
the fibroblast is the major cell type in dense regular tissue. T or F
|
true
|
|
this tissue is found in tendons & ligaments.
|
dense regular
|
|
tendons attach:
|
muscle to bone
|
|
ligaments attach:
|
bone to bone
|
|
the fascia, or fibrous membrane wrapping muscles is a form of what dense connective tissue?
|
dense regular
|
|
ligaments are more stretchy than tendons because they contain more _____ fibers.
|
elastic
|
|
dense irregular connective tissue has thicker bundles of this strong, three strand braid of structural proteins.
|
collagen fibers
|
|
collagen fibers are irregularly placed within this dense connective tissue.
|
dense irregular
|
|
this dense connective tissue is present where tension is exerted in different directions
|
dense irregular
|
|
is dense irregular known for being strong in one or all directions?
|
all directions
|
|
the leathery dermis is a form of this dense connective tissue.
|
dense irregular
|
|
fibrous joint capsules, fibrous organ capsules and dermis are places you will find this dense connective tissue (think about what directions pulling will be)
|
dense irregular
|
|
dense irregular tissue can be found where?
|
in the dermis, joint capsules and organ capsules
|
|
on what slide will you find dense irregular connective tissue?
|
the skin slide (middle layer)
|
|
functions of dense regular include:
|
attaching muscle to bone, bone to bone and withstanding tension in one direction
|
|
to withstand pulling in one direction, attach muscle to bone and bone to bone are functions of what connective tissue?
|
dense regular
|
|
to withstand tension in many directions and provide stuctural strength are functions of what connective tissue?
|
dense irregular
|
|
functions of dense irregular include:
|
to withstand tension in many directions and provide stuctural strength
|
|
this connective tissue appears on the slide as a tangled mess of collagen fibers, pink and white in color, and fibroblast nuclei
|
dense irregular connective tissue
|
|
cartilage can withstand tension and compression. T or F
|
true
|
|
what tissue can withstand tension and compression?
|
cartilage
|
|
tough, but flexible, this tissue lacks nerves and is avascular.
|
cartilage
|
|
is cartilage avascular?
|
yes
|
|
are epithelial tissues mostly avascular?
|
yes
|
|
cartilage receives nutrients via diffusion from blood vessels. T or F
|
true
|
|
cartilage ground substance contains:
|
hyaluronic acid, collagen fibers and is quite firm
|
|
a firm background matrix with hyaluronic acid and collagen fibers present is typical of this avascular tissue:
|
cartilage
|
|
cartilage is 80% water. T or F
|
true
|
|
this is the predominant cell type in cartilage:
|
chondroblast
|
|
these cell types produce new cartilage and matrix
|
chondroblasts
|
|
chondroblasts are typically seen in groups of two, wrapped in a lacuna. T or F
|
true
|
|
three types of cartilage:
|
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
|
|
hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage are three types of:
|
cartilage
|
|
this is the most abundant type of cartilage:
|
hyaline
|
|
hyaline, aka gristle, contains large amounts of collagen fibers. T or F
|
true
|
|
the background matrix of this connective tissue appears glassy and uniform, with grouped chondrocytes in lacunae.
|
hyaline cartilage
|
|
this cartilage is found on the ends of long bones, the ribs, and trachea.
|
hyaline
|
|
hyaline cartilage can be found where?
|
the trachea, ends of long bones and the ribs
|
|
functions of hyaline cartilage include:
|
support and reinforcement, cusioning and resisting compressive stress
|
|
to support and reinforce, cushion and resist compressive stress are functions of what cartilage?
|
hyaline
|
|
firm background matrix with thin, black squiggly lines around the chondrocytes in lacunae is typical of what cartilage?
|
elastic
|
|
this cartilage is found where great stretchability and strength is needed. (think stretchy)
|
elastic
|
|
this cartilage is found in the ear and epiglottis.
|
elastic
|
|
elastic cartilage is found where?
|
epiglottis and ear
|
|
the epiglottis is made of what cartilage?
|
elastic
|
|
hyaline cartilage can be found on what slide?
|
trachea
|
|
the trachea contains what type of cartilage?
|
hyaline
|
|
elastic cartilage can be found on what slide?
|
elastic cartilage slide
|
|
fibrocartilage can be found on what slide?
|
fibrocartilage slide
|
|
hyaline cartilage contains chondrocytes with nuclei. T or F
|
true
|
|
groups or rows of chondrocytes in lacunae, containing rows of collagen fibers that is compressible and resists tension is found in what cartilage?
|
fibrocartilage
|
|
this cartilage is compressible, resists tension well, and found where strong support and ability to withstand heavy weight.
|
fibrocartilage
|
|
fibrocartilage is found where in the body?
|
intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis and discs of knee joint
|
|
in the discs of the knee, pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs you will find what cartilage?
|
fibrocartilage
|
|
functions of fibrocartilage include:
|
withstand tension and absorb compressive shock
|
|
to withstand tension and absorb compressive shock are functions of what cartilage?
|
fibrocartilage
|
|
osseous tissue is aka
|
bone
|
|
bone is aka
|
osseous tissue
|
|
bones are a storage site for fat and synthesis of blood cells. T or F
|
true
|
|
do bones protect the body?
what areas specifically? |
yes, the thoracic cavity, spinal column and hips
|
|
calcium salts and collagen fibers make bone hard and rigid. T or F
|
true
|
|
these cell types produce new bone and bone matrix.
|
osteocytes
|
|
these are aka mature bone cells
|
osteocytes
|
|
in bone, osteocytes reside within the lacunae. T or F
|
true
|
|
what are the circular, tree like sections in a bone cross section called?
|
osteons
|
|
osteons are seen in cross section cuts as circular, units with central canals. T or F
|
true
|
|
the central canal in bone houses:
|
blood vessels and nerves
|
|
do blood vessels innervate the entire bone?
|
yes
|
|
lamellae in bone are aka concentric rings, giving it the tree-like appearance. T or F
|
true
|
|
the lines between the rings in bone are called:
|
canaliculi
|
|
the matrix in this tissue is hard and calcified.
|
bone
|
|
this hard, calcified tissue is highly vascularized.
|
bone
|
|
the functions of bone are:
|
support and protect body (by enclosing), provide levers for muscles to act on, store calcium and minerals, and form blood cells (in bone marrow)
|
|
to form blood cells (in marrow), store calcium and minerals, protect and support the body and provide levers for muscles are functions of what tissue?
|
bone/osseous
|
|
the central canal in bone is aka
|
Haversion canal
|
|
the Haversion canal in bone is aka
|
the central canal
|
|
the black ovals in bone are actually the
|
osteocytes in lacunae
|
|
the osteon, or circular unit in bone, is properly called the
|
Haversion Canal System
|
|
the Haversion Canal System is more lamenly known as an ______.
|
osteon
|
|
blood is a form of what tissue?
|
connective
|
|
blood develops or originates from what?
|
mesenchyme
|
|
a nonliving matrix called plasma is characteristic of what connective tissue?
|
blood
|
|
red and white cells within nonliving plasma are characteristic of what tissue?
|
blood/connective
|
|
the function of blood is:
|
transport gases (O2 and CO2), nutrients, wastes and other substances
|
|
to transport nutrients, wastes and respiratory gases is a function of what?
|
blood
|
|
blood is located within:
|
blood vessels
|
|
within the lumens of blood vessels you will find what connective tissue?
|
blood
|
|
a lumen is aka
|
an open space (inner space of blood vessels, etc)
|
|
lymphocytes, monocytes, other WBCs and platelets can be found in what tissue?
|
blood
|
|
platelets are aka
|
thrombocytes
|
|
thrombocytes are aka
|
platelets
|
|
neurons are the functional unit of what tissue?
|
nervous
|
|
osteons are the functional unit of what tissue?
|
bone
|
|
the functional unit of nervous tissue is?
|
neurons
|
|
the functional unit of bone is?
|
osteon
|
|
a neuron is composed of two things:
|
a cell body and a nucleus
|
|
a cell body and a nucleus make up a:
|
neuron
|
|
neurons are branching cells. T or F
|
true
|
|
the black lines extending out from neurons are called:
|
neuron processes
|
|
the functions of nervous tissue include:
|
transmitting electrical signals, generate and conduct nerve impulses
|
|
to generate and conduct nerve impulses and transmit electrical signals is a function of:
|
nervous tissue
|
|
the brain, spinal cord and nerves are components of what tissue?
|
nervous
|
|
nervous tissue includes what body parts?
|
nerves, spinal cord and brain
|
|
a type of nervous helper cell is called:
|
neuraglia
|
|
neuraglia are a form of nervous tissue helper cells. T or F
|
true
|
|
nervous tissue supports, insulates and protects neurons. T or F
|
true
|
|
dendrites allow neurons to respond to stimuli. T or F
|
true
|
|
axons transmit impulses over substantial distances. T or F
|
true
|
|
axons are covered with a fatty sheath that speeds nerve impulse transmission; aka myelinated; T or F
|
true
|
|
are muscles well-vascularized?
|
yes
|
|
skeletal muscles are attached to the _____ of the skeleton.
|
bones
|
|
technical name for skeletal muscle cells:
|
muscle fibers
|
|
the three types of muscles are:
|
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
|
|
smooth, cardiac and skeletal are types of:
|
muscles
|
|
long, cylindrical cells in one direction, containing striations, are known as what tissue?
|
skeletal muscle
|
|
the bands seen through skeletal and cardiac muscles are known as:
|
striations
|
|
this type of muscle is found only attached to bones.
|
skeletal
|
|
this type of muscle is found only within the heart.
|
cardiac
|
|
cardiac muscle is found only in:
|
the heart
|
|
the purpose of cardiac muscle is to:
|
propel blood thru the vessels to all the body
|
|
to propel blood thru the vessels to the entire body is a function of what tissue?
|
cardiac muscle
|
|
this is the only type of muscle under voluntary control:
|
skeletal
|
|
is skeletal muscle under voluntary or involuntary control?
|
voluntary
|
|
T or F
cardiac muscle is under voluntary control. |
false; involuntary
|
|
smooth muscle is under voluntary or involutary control?
|
involuntary
|
|
this muscle is multinucleated, contains striations, and is long and cylindrical.
|
skeletal
|
|
is skeletal muscle multinucleated?
|
yes
|
|
functions of skeletal muscle include:
|
locomotion, manipulation of environment and facial expressions
|
|
facial expressions, manipulation of the environment and locomotion are all functions of what tissue?
|
skeletal muscle
|
|
this muscle is striated, branches and is usually uninucleated.
|
cardiac
|
|
cardiac muscle is uninucleated. T or F
|
true
|
|
speicalized junctions within cardiac tissue are called:
|
intercalated discs
|
|
intercalated discs allow fluids and electrical impulses through. T or F
|
true
|
|
what are the junctions called that allow electrical impulses and fluids through the heart?
|
intercalated discs
|
|
in the walls of the heart you will find this tissue:
|
cardiac muscle
|
|
smooth muscle is named because its cells lack ______.
|
striations
|
|
do smooth muscles have striations?
|
no
|
|
this individual muscle cell is spindle shaped and contains one nucleus.
|
smooth
|
|
smooth muscles are uninucleate. T or F
|
true
|
|
this muscle type is found in walls of hollow organs and squeezes substance through them.
|
smooth muscle
|
|
smooth muscle can be found where?
|
in the walls of hollow organs (digestive, urinary tract organs, uterus, blood vessels)
|
|
what are the two types of involuntary muscle?
|
cardiac and smooth
|
|
smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped so they can arrange close together and form sheets; T or F
|
true
|
|
foodstuffs, urine and a baby are examples of things this muscle type can propel.
|
smooth
|
|
another name for red blood cells:
|
erythrocytes
|
|
erythrocytes aka
|
red blood cells
|
|
leukocytes aka
|
white blood cells
|
|
white blood cells aka
|
leukocytes
|
|
spongy bone is surrounded by:
|
compact bone
|
|
compact bone covers what type of bone?
|
spongy
|
|
adipose tissue can be found on what slides?
|
breast, skin (lowest layer)
|
|
on the breast slide and skin slide (lowest layer) you will find this loose connective tissue.
|
adipose
|
|
there are ____ stages of mitosis.
|
five
|
|
IPMAT are the stages of ______.
|
mitosis
|
|
mitosis is found what slide?
|
whitefish or onion
|
|
cell division is aka
|
mitosis
|
|
mitosis is simply defined as
|
cell division
|
|
name the five stages of cell division
|
IPMAT;
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
|
IPMAT is an acronym for what?
|
stages of mitosis, cell division
|
|
in what stage of mitosis is DNA replicating?
|
interphase (first)
|
|
in interphase, DNA is in the form of chromatin. T or F
|
true
|
|
in what phase are the centrioles replicating and the nuclear membrane is intact?
|
Interphase
|
|
In Interphase, is the cell membrane intact?
|
yes
|
|
are the centrioles replicating in Interphase?
|
yes
|
|
what is the first stage of mitosis?
|
interphase
|
|
what is the second stage of mitosis?
|
prophase
|
|
third stage of mitosis
|
metaphase
|
|
fourth stage of mitosis
|
anaphase
|
|
fifth and final stage of mitosis
|
telophase
|
|
in this stage of mitosis, DNA supercoils into chromosomes
|
prophase
|
|
in prophase, DNA supercoils into chromosomes. T or F
|
true
|
|
in prophase, spindle fibers form. T or F
|
true
|
|
in what stage of mitosis do spindle fibers form?
|
prophase
|
|
during this phase, centrioles start to move to opposite poles.
|
prophase
|
|
during prophase, does the nucleus dissolve?
|
yes
|
|
during what stage will you find DNA in the form of chromatin, DNA replicating, a nuclear membrane intact and replicating centrioles?
|
Interphase
|
|
During what stage will you find DNA supercoiled into chromosomes, forming spindle fibers, a dissolving nucleus and centrioles moving to opposite poles?
|
Prophase
|
|
during what stage will you see centrioles at opposite poles with shortened spindle fibers?
|
metaphase
|
|
another way to remember metaphase:
|
middle (M) (where chromosomes are located--fuzzy in the middle)
|
|
in metaphase, the chromosomes are located at the equatorial/metaphase plate. T or F
|
true
|
|
in mitosis, another name for metaphase plate is _____.
|
equatorial plate
|
|
in what mitosis stage will you see chromosomes at the equatorial plate, shortened spindle fibers and centrioles at opposite poles?
|
metaphase
|
|
in what stage will you see daughter cells at opposite poles with clearing in the middle?
|
anaphase
|
|
another way to remember anaphase?
|
away (A) (daughter cells away from each other at opposite poles)
|
|
what is the shortest stage of mitosis?
|
anaphase
|
|
in what phase willl DNA uncoil back into chromatin?
|
telophase
|
|
in what stage does a cleavage furrow forms?
|
telophase
|
|
in what stage does the nuclear membrane reform?
|
telophase
|
|
cytokinesis occurs in this stage of mitosis.
|
telophase
|
|
two daughter cells form in this mitosis stage.
|
telophase
|
|
in what stage will you see DNA uncoiling into chromatin, a cleavage furrow forming, cytokinesis occuring and two daughter cells forming?
|
telophase
|
|
cytokinesis is also known as
|
division of cytoplasm, occuring in telophase
|
|
the division of cytoplasm occuring in telophase is aka
|
cytokinesis
|
|
are there nuclei in blood?
|
no
|
|
blood is composed of mature RBCs with no nuclei. T or F
|
true
|
|
clusters of cells used for clotting are called
|
platelets or thrombocytes
|
|
what part of nervous tissue actually generates electrical impulses?
|
the cell body
|
|
reticular tissue is aka
|
lymphatic
|
|
what finger-like projections increase the surface area of cells?
|
microvilli
|
|
what cell type secretes new elastic, reticular and collagen fibers?
|
fibroblasts
|
|
this is a lining tissue, found throughout the body
|
epithelial
|
|
the shoulder is _______ to the scapula
|
anterior
|
|
the foot is ______ to the knee
|
inferior
|
|
the nose is _______ to the eyeballs
|
intermediate
|
|
the body laying down but facing up is in the _____ position.
|
supine
|
|
the intestines are ____ to the navel.
|
deep
|
|
the phalanges are ______ to the wrist.
|
distal
|
|
name the four quadrants:
|
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
|
|
liver, GB, kidney, small and large intestines are found in this quadrant:
|
RUQ
|
|
stomach, pancreas, kidney, spleen, small and large intestines are found in this quadrant:
|
LUQ
|
|
most of the bladder, the appendix and intestines are found in this quadrant:
|
RLQ
|
|
in this quadrant, you'll find mostly small and large intestines
|
LLQ
|
|
parfocal means it has more than one
|
lens
|
|
to have more than one lens means it is
|
parfocal
|
|
with each magnification increase, depth of view/field of vision will:
|
decrease
|
|
oil immersion involves dropping _____ onto a slide
|
oil
|
|
dropping oil onto a slide during oil immersion focuses the light into one continuous beam. T or F
|
true
|
|
sandwiching a drop of water between a slide and a slide cover creates a ____ _____.
|
wet prep....i mean wet mount
;) |
|
this plane divides the body into equal right and left halves
|
midsagittal
|
|
this plane divides the body into unequal right and left halves
|
parasagittal
|
|
this plane divides the body into right and left halves anywhere
|
sagittal
|
|
this plane divides the body into anterior and posterior cuts
|
frontal/coronal
|
|
this plane divides the body into superior and inferior cuts
|
transverse
|
|
examples of bilateral body parts include
|
eyes, ears, arms, hands, breasts, cheeks, etc
|
|
ventral body cavities include:
|
thoracic, abdomen, pelvic, or abdominopelvic
|
|
dorsal body cavities include:
|
cranial cavity and vertebral column
|
|
what organs are found in the thoracic cavity?
|
lungs and heart
|
|
what organs are found in the abdominopelvic cavity?
|
digestive organs, reproductive organs
|
|
occiptal refers to the area _______
|
at the back of the head
|
|
antecubital refers to the area in the bend of the _____
|
elbow
|
|
sural refers to the area _________
|
behind the calf
|
|
popliteal refers to the area
|
behind the knee
|
|
what muscle divides the ventral cavities?
|
diaphragm
|
|
bony landmarks of the abdominopelvic cavity are
|
the lower ribs and pelvis
|
|
what serous membrane covers the lungs?
|
pleural sac
|
|
the pleural sac covers what?
|
the lungs
|
|
what serous membrane covers the heart?
|
pericardial sac
|
|
the pericardial sac covers what?
|
the heart
|
|
what membrane surrounds the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity?
|
the peritoneum
|
|
what is the anchoring membrane found in the abdominopelvic cavity?
|
mesentary
|
|
the piece on the microscope that you look through is called the:
|
lens
|
|
the magnification on our microscope's ocular lens is:
|
10x
|
|
the rotating lenses on our microscopes used to increase magnification are called:
|
objective lenses
|
|
what is the ocular lens?
|
the lens we peer through with our eyes
|
|
the objective lens is used to:
|
increase magnification
|
|
if the ocular lens is 10x and the objective is 40x, what is the total magnification?
|
400x
|
|
what large, square area of the microscope holds the slide in place and can move up and down?
|
the stage
|
|
the large, rotating knob on the side of the microscope is called the
|
coarse adjustment
|
|
the small, rotating knob on the side of the microscope is called the
|
fine adjustment
|
|
the numbered, rotating plate under the stage of the microscope is called the
|
condenser
|
|
head, arm and base are three parts of the
|
microscope
|
|
when peering thru a microscope, moving the slide away from you on the stage moves the image:
|
towards you
|
|
when peering thru a microscope, moving a slide to the right on the stage moves the image:
|
to the left
|
|
should you ever pour chemicalsor waste in the sinks or trash cans?
|
no
|
|
when handling preserved specimens, _____ and ______ will be worn in the lab.
|
gloves and goggles
|
|
how do you find total magnification on a microscope?
|
ocular lens X objective lens
|
|
three terms meaning towards the head:
|
cranial, caudal, cephalic
|
|
cephalic, caudal, cranial are all terms meaning:
|
toward the head
|
|
the body laying down, face down is known as
|
prone
|
|
a diagonal cut thru the body is aka
|
transverse/oblique
|
|
a cut along the length of the arm is known as
|
longitudinal
|
|
a cut across the axis is known as
|
cross cut, cross section (Hotdog!!)
|
|
what covers the body, protects it from injury and synthesizes vitamin D?
|
the integumentary system/skin
|
|
this system includes hair, nails, skin
|
integumentary
|
|
this cavity includes the superior mediastinum, the pericardial cavity and the pleural cavities.
|
thoracic cavity
|
|
these organs are found in the dorsal cavities.
|
brain and spinal cord
|
|
the outer two-layered serous membrane is called:
|
parietal serous membrane
|
|
the inner two-layered serous membrane is called:
|
visceral serous membrane
|
|
sweat glands, salivary glands, liver (secretes bile) are examples of what type of gland?
|
exocrine
|
|
what types of cells undergo mitosis?
|
somatic cells
|
|
somatic cells are:
|
generalized cells of the body, except gametic cells (those that give rise to next generation; those that make eggs/sperm)
|
|
cells undergo mitosis when (three examples):
|
doing cell repair, when changing shape (like caterpiller to butterfly), and growing in size (child to adult)
|
|
cell repair, changing shape, and growing in size are all reasons cells undergo:
|
mitosis
|
|
three layers of skin are:
|
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
|
|
fiver layers of epidermis:
|
CLGSB (from topmost to bottom)
stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale |
|
CLGSB is an acronym for what?
|
the five layers of the epidermis
|
|
the two layers of the dermis are:
|
papillary and reticular
|
|
the papillary and reticular are layers of what?
|
the dermis
|
|
the dermis is sandwiched between what two layers?
|
the epi and hypodermis
|
|
the papillary (dermis) layer contains what fibers?
|
collagen and elastic
|
|
the papillary (dermis) layer contains phagocytes and immune cells for patrolling. T or F
|
true
|
|
the reticular comprises about ___% of the dermis
|
80
|
|
the network of blood vessels found in the lower dermis is called:
|
cutaneous plexus
|
|
the cutaneous plexus is the network of blood vessels found in the lower _____
|
dermis
|
|
are collagen fibers present in the reticular (dermis) layer?
|
yes
|
|
in this skin layer is where cleavage/tension lines are formed.
|
dermis
|
|
examples of cleavage/tension lines are visible where on the skin surface?
|
anterior surface of wrist, back of ankle
|
|
in this epidermal layer, the cells are dead.
|
stratum corneum
|
|
this is the waterproofing layer of skin.
|
stratum corneum
|
|
this layer desquamates, or sloughs off, when abrasion occurs.
|
stratum corneum
|
|
this layer is 20-30 layers thick
|
stratum corneum
|
|
this is the thin, clear layer of skin
|
stratum lucidum
|
|
this layer contains dying cells that explode
|
stratum granulosum
|
|
in this layer, cells change in shape, fill with soft keratin to make a hard keratin outer shell
|
stratum spinosum
|
|
every 19 days, cells replicate in this layer
|
stratum basale
|
|
the only epidermal layer where cells replicate
|
stratum basale
|
|
the epidermis is composed of what types of cells:
|
stratified squamous
|
|
is the skin highly vascularized?
|
no
|
|
the papillary layer is the upper or lower portion of the dermis?
|
upper
|
|
the _____ layer of the dermis forms the finger-like projections
|
papillary
|
|
what muscle erects the hair in the skin?
|
arrector pili
|
|
this is involved in evaporate cooling.
|
sweat
|
|
acne is an infection of the:
|
sebaceous (oil/sebum) gland
|
|
this structure houses the hair
|
follicle
|
|
this is a sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissue
|
follicle
|
|
sweat gland that contains proteins, salts and water
|
eccrine
|
|
nails are primarily dead/keratinized cells. T or F
|
true
|
|
secretions from this gland contain cell fragments.
|
sebaceous gland
|
|
what is manufactured in the skin but used elsewhere in the body?
|
vitamin D
|
|
where in the skin do the nerves reside?
|
in the dermis
|
|
this epidermal area undergoes mitosis
|
stratum basale
|
|
these two layers of the epidermis are avascular
|
stratum corneum and lucidum
|
|
the nails and hairs reside in this layer
|
epidermis
|
|
this layer of skin has abundant elastic and collagen fibers
|
dermis
|
|
layer of epidermis where melanocytes (for color) are found
|
stratum basale
|
|
this layer takes up most of the epidermis
|
stratum corneum
|
|
in a cell, this is the site for ATP synthesis; AKA the powerhouse of the cell
|
mitochondria
|
|
the powerhouse of the cell is called
|
mitochondria
|
|
in the cell, these are the sites of protein syntheses
|
ribosomes
|
|
ribosomes are the site for
|
protein synthesis
|
|
mitochodria are the site for
|
ATP synthesis
|
|
rough ER is
|
a sugar group, binding proteins for transport; synthesizes phospholipids
|
|
the site in a cell that synthesizes phospholipids and is a sugar group that binds proteins for transport is
|
rough ER
|
|
smooth ER is
|
site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detox
|
|
the site in a cell that detoxes drugs, metabolizes lipids and is the site for lipid and steroid synthesis is
|
smooth ER
|
|
the Golgi
|
packs, changes and segregates proteins for secretion
|
|
this cell apparatus packages, changes and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell
|
the Golgi
|
|
lysosomes are the site for
|
intracellular digestion
|
|
intracellular digestion occurs in the (think lyse)
|
lysosomes (think lyse: lyse = breakdown; digestion/breakdown)
|
|
peroxisomes are the site for
|
detoxing substances
|
|
in peroxisomes, this most important enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide
|
catalase
|
|
microtubules:
microfilaments: |
-give cell shape and support
-involved in muscle contraction and intracellular movement |
|
centrioles
|
organize microtubule during mitosis to form spindle and base of cilia/flagella
|
|
this cell part forms the spindle during mitosis and is the base of cilia/flagella
|
centrioles
|
|
cilia:
flagella: microvilli: |
-move in unison, propel substances
-propel the cell -increase surface area for absorption |
|
nucleoli
|
site of ribosome subunit manufacture
|
|
the cell site of ribosomal manufacture is
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the nucleoli
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granular, threadlike material in cells that contains DNA and proteins
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chromatin
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the chromatin in a cell contains
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DNA material and proteins
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this cell material separates the nucleoplasm from cytoplasm and regulates substance passage to/from nucleus
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nuclear envelope
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the nuclear envelope is a material that
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separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm and regulates substance passage to/from nucleus
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the cell's plasma membrane acts as/in
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an external barrier, transports substances in and out of cell, contains outward-facing proteins acting as receptors in cell-to-cell recognition
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this cell part acts as an external barrier, transports substances in and out of cell, and contains outward-facing proteins acting as receptors in cell-to-cell recognition
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plasma membrane
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this cellular fluid containing cytosol rests between nuclear and plasma membranes
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cytoplasm
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this cell substance contains the organelles, dissolved solutes and inclusions (nutriends, pigment, etc)
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cytoplasm
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the cell cytoplasm is
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a cellular fluid consisting of cytosol, containing organelles, solutes and inclusions that divides nuclear and plasma membranes
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all five epidermal layers are found in this type of skin
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thick skin
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only four layers are found in this type of skin
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thin skin
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thick skin can be found where?
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on the palms and soles of feet
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thin skin can be found where?
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everywhere except palms and soles of feet
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what are the two types of skin where the four or five layers of epidermis can be found?
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thin and thick
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