Ap Human Geography Ch. 1

Front 1

How much of the world's population is malnourished, and who takes up most of that group?

Back 1

Sixth of the world’s population is malnourished. A substantial amount of the malnourished people on this Earth are women and children.

Front 2

What are the major causes of malnourishment?

Back 2

Major causes of malnourishment include: poverty, the failure of food distribution systems, and cultural practices that favor men over women and children.

Front 3

Define Fieldwork and give 1 example.

Back 3

The study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places.

Example: If I was studying the variety of cultures of Africa's tribes, then I potentially would go do some field work in an African country inorder to learn more about my subject.

Front 4

Define Time-Distance Decay. Give 1 example.

Back 4

The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.


The number of phone calls made decreases with distance.

A few questions you may ask are: How far will pedestrians travel to access different types of destinations? How far will bicyclists travel in order to ride on a bicycle-only facility? How far do people drive for their common retail needs?

Distance decay theory predicts that demand will peak at some distance relatively close to a source market and then decline exponentially as distance increases

Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales activity space their interactions begin to decrease.

Front 5

Define Diffusion. What are the two types of diffusion?

Back 5

The spatial spreading or dissemination of a culture element (such as a technological innovation) or other phenomena (disease outbreak).

Relocation and Expansion.

Front 6

Define Relocation Diffusion.

Back 6

Sequential diffusion precess in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The most common form of relocation involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population.

Front 7

Define Expansion Diffusion.

Back 7

The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination.

Front 8

Define Hierarchical Diffusion.

Back 8

A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples.

Front 9

Define Stimulus Diffusion.

Back 9

A form of diffusion in which a cultural adaption is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place.

Front 10

Define Contagious Diffusion.

Back 10

The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person- analogous to the communication of a contagious illness.

Front 11

Define Cultural Landscape.

Back 11

The visible imprint of of human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants.

Front 12

Define Cultural Complex.

Back 12

A related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils.

Front 13

Define Cultural Barrier.

Back 13

Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas, or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture.

Front 14

Define Cultural Diffusion.

Back 14

The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.

Front 15

Define Cultural Hearth.

Back 15

Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture.

Front 16

Define Cultural Trait.

Back 16

A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.

Front 17

Define Location. Break it down into subs.

Back 17

Why of Where-Absolute-Longitude and Latitude-GPS(reference map)-Relative-Mental Maps

Front 18

Define Place.

Back 18

Uniqueness of a location. Imagine Location and Place are a funnel. Location is at the larger end and Place is at the smaller one. Example: Location: New York City Place: NBA Store.

Front 19

Define Sense of Place.

Back 19

State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character.

Front 20

Define Perception of Place.

Back 20

Belief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories, or pictures.

Front 21

Define Human Environment Interaction.

Back 21

Reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment.

Front 22

Define Movement.

Back 22

The mobility of people, goods, ideas across the surface of the planet.

Front 23

Define Region.

Back 23

An area on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon.

Front 24

Define Functional Region.

Back 24

A region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it.

Front 25

Define Formal Region.

Back 25

A type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena.

Front 26

Define Perceptual Region.

Back 26

A region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity.