A&p Exam 1

Front 1

Superior

Back 1

Part that is above another part, closer to the head.

Front 2

Medial

Back 2

Towards the midline of the body

Front 3

Distal

Back 3

Further from point of attachment. When dealing with limbs (arms/legs).

Front 4

Inferior

Back 4

Closer to the feet. Opposite of superior.

Front 5

Proximal

Back 5

Structure that is nearer to trunk or main part of body.

Front 6

Anterior

Back 6

Toward the front of the body (belly surface( another word is ventral)

Front 7

Lateral

Back 7

Away from the midline of body.

Front 8

Posterior

Back 8

Toward the back of surface. Another word is dorsal.

Front 9

Deep

Back 9

Further from surface of skin.

Front 10

Peripheral

Back 10

Part that is located away from center.

Front 11

What is the mediastinum and where is it located?

Back 11

The mediastinum is the space that contains the heart, thymus gland, and part of the esophagus, trachea, blood vessels attached to the heart.

It is located in the thoracic cavity. One of 2 compartments.

Hint 11

Front 12

Where is the axilla located?

Back 12

Armpit

Front 13

What is inside the dorsal cavity?

Back 13

The dorsal cavity (located in the back of body) contains 2 divisions.

Cranial cavity: contains the brain

Vertebral (also called spinal) cavity: contains spinal cord.

Front 14

What is inside the ventral cavity?

Back 14

Similar to the dorsal cavity it has two divisions and is located in the front of the body.

1. Thoracic cavity

2. Abdominopelvic cavity

Front 15

Describe the frontal plane.

Back 15

The frontal plane divides the body anterior and posterior.

This plane creates a front part of the body and a back part of the body.

The front plane is also called the coronal meaning crown.

Front 16

Describe the sagittal plane.

Back 16

The sagittal plane divides the body lengthwise and makes a right and left portion.

Midsagittal refers to a completely equal division.

Sagittal or parasagittal refers to an unequal division.

Front 17

Where is the inguinal area of the body?

Back 17

This area is often called the groin and is the area where the thigh meets the trunk of the body.

Front 18

What does the term cephalocaudal mean?

Back 18

It refers to assessment head to toe.

Front 19

What type of tissue needs to be stretchy and why?

Back 19

Transitional epithelia

These tissue are primarily found in organs that need to stretch like bladder.

Front 20

What does the term carcinogenic mean?

Back 20

Cancerous

Front 21

Which type of tissues are arranged like the tile on a floor? Or fish scales?

Back 21

Squamous epithelium

Front 22

What are endocrine glands?

Back 22

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream.

Front 23

What are exocrine glands?

Back 23

Glands that produce and secrete substances on the epithelial surface. By way of ducts.

Ex: sweat, salivary, mammary.

Front 24

Describe neuroglia

Back 24

They are the most abundant nerve cells that are located in the central nervous system.

Play protect insulate nourish and generally care for delegate neurons.

They do not conduct nerve impulses but they do participate in phagocytosis.

To the most common astrocytes and ependymal cells.

Front 25

What is the job of an astrocyte?

Back 25

They are the star-shaped cells that are most abundant of the glial cells. They support the neurons structurally and cover the entire surface of the brain to help form a protective barrier called the blood-brain barrier. it prevents toxic substances in the blood from entering the nervous tissue of the brain or spinal cord.

Front 26

What are the sutures in a cranial cavity?

Back 26

The coronal suture

The squamous suture

Lambdoidal suture

Front 27

What is a hinge joint and which ones are there?

Back 27

A hinge joint allows for movement similar to the movement of two boards joined together by a hinge it allows for movement in one direction and increases the angle at the hinge or decreases.

Elbows knees and fingers.

Front 28

What is the term for losing your hair?

Back 28

Alopecia

Front 29

What type of gland secretes vernix in fetus?

Back 29

Sebaceous glands

Front 30

Normal body temperature?

Back 30

97.0 to 100.0

Front 31

Name the 8 cranium bones?

Back 31

Frontal

Parietal (2)

Temporal (2)

Occipital

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Front 32

Name the 14 facial bones?

Back 32

Mandible

Maxilla (2)

Palatine (2)

Zygomatic (2)

Nasal (2)

Vomer

Lacrimal (2)

Inferior concha (2)

Front 33

Steps in Tissue Repair

Back 33

1. A deep wound to the skin severs blood vessels causing blood to fill wound.

2. Blood clot forms and as it dries it forms a scab.

3&4. Process of tissue repair begins. Scar tissue forms in deep layers.

5. At the same time surface epithelial cells multiply and fill the area between the scar tissue and scab

6. When the epithelium is complete the scab detaches.

Front 34

Vasodilation

Back 34

Veins open, flushing blushing to skin.

Front 35

Vasoconstriction

Back 35

Vein constrict, makes you pale.

Front 36

Which tissue is Avascular?

Back 36

Epithelial tissue

Front 37

What joint does the coxal and the femur meet?

Back 37

Coxal joint?

Front 38

3 examples of connective tissue membranes?

Back 38

Synovial

Periosteum

Meninges

Fascia

Perichondrium

Front 39

What type of tissues serves as a reservoir of energy for body?

Back 39

Adipose tissue

Front 40

Describe a ligament?

Back 40

A dense fibrous connective tissue that crosses joints and attaches bone to bone.

Front 41

What is vernix caseosa?

Back 41

Cream-cheese like substance covering the skin of the fetus

Front 42

Where is the thermostat of the body located?

Back 42

In the hypothalamus

Front 43

What is a subcutaneous layer also known by?

Back 43

Hypodermis layer

Front 44

How does a baby produce heat?

Back 44

Nonshivering thermogenesis

Front 45

What are eccrine glands?

Back 45

Also known by sweat glands that are widely distributed throughout the body

Front 46

Which layer of skin has The receptors for touch pressure and pain?

Back 46

Epidermis

Front 47

What is the difference between apocrine and eccrine glands?

Back 47

Apocrine = sweat gland that is an endocrine.

Eccrine = sweat gland that is an exocrine gland

Front 48

Define pronation.

Back 48

Turning the forearm to the palm of your hands looks at the floor.

Front 49

Define supination?

Back 49

Turn in your hand so the palm of your hand face upward

Front 50

What is it called when the foot movement is opposite of plantar flexion?

Back 50

Dorsiflexion

Front 51

What is another name for the metacarpalphalangeal joints?

Back 51

Knuckles

Front 52

How are the joints in the skull classified?

Back 52

Immoveable joints

Front 53

What is the term for the area in an infant skull that has not been converted to bone.

Back 53

Fontanels

Front 54

What are the muscles that perform the kicking a football motion?

Back 54

Quadriceps fermoris

Front 55

What is the energy source for muscle contraction?

Back 55

Creatine phosphate