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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Temporal
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Earthly
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Christian Humanism-
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Humanists.in N. who focused on early Christian (not Greco-Roman) texts
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Erasmus
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Christian Humanist and author of "philosophy of Christ" which stressed simple faith, not complex Catholic doctrines
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More
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Christian Humanist and author of Utopia which criticized both the Catholic Church and society
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Bourgeoisie
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Middle class
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Pluralism
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When church officials took over more than one ofice (often to make money or extend power)
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Frederick the Wise-
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A German prince (of Saxony) who protected Luther
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Indulgence
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A Catholic Church awarded remission for sin
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Modern Devotion
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A religious movement that stressed simple faith, not complex Catholic dogma
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Martin Luther-
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German monk whose 95Ttheses began the Protestant Reformation
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Sacraments
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Specific deeds the Catholic Cl~urch taught one must do to be saved (e.g. confession or baptism)
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Good works-
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Catholic idea that one must do certain things in order to be saved (like the sacraments)
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Justification
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The idea that one has earned (or is justified in the eyes of God) salvation
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Pope Leo X
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Pope during the Luther controversy
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Tetzel
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Dominican monk sent to Saxony to sell indulgences (i'coin rings, soul springs")
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95 Theses-
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Luther's 95 objections to the sale of indulgences
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Leipzig Debate-
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Debate between Luther and Catholic theologian Eck where Luther had to admit he objected to far more than merely the sale of indulgences
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Excommunication
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Being thrown out of the church
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Emperor Charles V
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Holy Roman Emperor whose Edict of Worms demanded Luther's arrest
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Lutheranism
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Luther's new non-Catholic Christian faith
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Peasant's War (1520s)-
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Uprising against prince's inspired by Luther's challenges to authority
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Priesthood of all believers-
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Luther's rejection of the Catholic Church's ecclesiastical hierarchy
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Ecclesiastical hierarchy-
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Catholic Church's belief that Catholic Clergy were closer to God than non-clergy
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Schmalkaldic League-
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German Protestant alliance against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
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Habsburg-Valois Wars-
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Wars in early 1500s between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and France
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Schmalkaldic Wars-
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Wars in 1540s between Charles V and the Protestant German princes
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Scandinavia
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Term for the N. European stales of Denmark, Norway and Sweden
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Zwingli
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Protestant reformer in Zurich, Switzerland whose fought a civil war against Catholic Swiss leaders but lost and was killed in 153 1
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Anabaptists
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Protestants who emphasized the voluntary nature of faith and the complete separation of church and state
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Millenarianism
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Belief that the end of the world is at hand
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Menno Simons-
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Founder of Anabaptist group called Mennonites
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Thomas Cranmer-
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Archbishop of Canterbury who refused to go along with Henry VIII's split from the Catholic Church and was executed
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Henry VIII
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English king who broke from Catholic Church in 1530s
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Act of Supremacy-
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Law that made British Monarchs the head of the Church of England (a.k.a. the Anglican Church)
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Edward VI
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Henry VIII's sickly son who died at the age of 14
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Mary I
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Henry VIII's daughter who ruled from 1553-1 558 and along with her husband Philip I1 of Spain tried to bring England back to the Catholic fold
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Tudor
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Royal dynasty of England during the 1500s
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John Calvin
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Protestant theologian whose Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) synthesized Protestant thought
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Predestination
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Calvin's idea that God has already chosen who is saved and people cannot earn salvation
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Geneva
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City in Switzerland Calvin established as a Calvinist theocracy
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John Knox-
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Scottish Calvinist who visited Calvin's Geneva and brought back ideas to Scotland where it came to be called Presbyterianism
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Puritans
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English Calvinists
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Jesuits
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a.k.a. Society of Jesus; an order of priests founded by Loyola whose The Spiritual Exercises was a training manual for spiritual developments. It emphasized discipline and education
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Pope Paul III
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Reform-minded Pope who called together the Council of Trent which reaffirmed Catholic dogma (even indulgences) but admitted that the church had problems with comption
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Index of Forbidden Books-
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Created by reactionary Pope Paul IV to keep Protestant ideas from spreading to Catholic areas
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Huguenots
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French Calvinists
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St Bartholornew's Day Massacre-
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Catholic French regent Catherine de'Medici orders the assassination of many Huguenots who were attending the wedding of Huguenot leader Henry of Navarre in Paris in August, 1572
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King Henry IV-
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Title Henry of Navarre took when he converted to Catholicism and became king of France in 1594
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Edict of Nantes-
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Law passed by French King Henry IV guaranteeing Huguenots the right to exist in France
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King Philip II
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Spanish king as well as Holy Roman Emperor (son of Charles V)? he was an ardent Catholic and fought Protestants in England and the Holy Roman Empire
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Duke of Alva-
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Spanish general sent by Philip I1 to crush Protestants in the Netherlands and whose Council of Blood put many to death
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William of Orange
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Fought against the Spanish in the Netherlands which eventually broke free from Spain in 1609
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Elizabeth I
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British queen after Mary I whose Elizabethan Compromise kept Catholics and Protestants from fighting in England
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Puritans
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English Calvinists who wanted to purify the Anglican faith of all its Catholic vestiges
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Spanish Armada-
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Spanish king Philip II's navy is sent to England to punish England for piracy and bring England back into the Catholic fold. It is defeated.
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