Ap Bio (Chapter 7 - Plasma Membrane)

Front 1

intergral proteins

Back 1

transmembrane proteins

Front 2

peripherarl proteins

Back 2

outside the membrane and loosley attatched proteins.

Front 3

6 functions of proteins

Back 3

transport
enzyme activity
cell-cell recognition
signal transmition/reduction
intercellular joining
attatchment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.

Front 4

membrane carbohydrates

Back 4

short/branched carbohydrates

Front 5

glycolipids

Back 5

covalently bonded carbohydrates to lipids found in the ECM`

Front 6

glycoproteins

Back 6

covalently bonded proteins to carbohydrates found in the ECM

Front 7

Channel Proteins

Back 7

hydrophilic chanel as tunnel through the membrane.

Front 8

Aquaporins

Back 8

transport polar H2O through the nonpolar membrane.

Front 9

Carrier proteins

Back 9

change shape to shuttle material across the membrane.

Front 10

Translocates

Back 10

the act of carrying a substance across a membrane.

Front 11

Concentration Gradient

Back 11

diffusion depends on the ____of each substance. the substance travels down its ____.

Front 12

Tonicity

Back 12

the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or loos H2O.
concentration of a solution that cannot cross the membrane.

Front 13

Isotonic

Back 13

same H2O enviroment as a cells. water flows in both directions.

Front 14

Hypertonic

Back 14

More nonpenetrating solutes outside the cell than inside the cell causing more water to leave the cell and making the cell shrivel and possibly die. (increase of salinity?)

Front 15

lyse

Back 15

for a cell to burst.

Front 16

Hypotonic

Back 16

more water outside cell than inside cell = water enters faster than it leavs and may cause the cell to burst.

Front 17

osmoregulation

Back 17

for a cell to have control of water balance such as contractile vacuoles.

Front 18

Flaccid

Back 18

dehydrated plant cells

Front 19

Turgid

Back 19

firm, water filled plant cells.

Front 20

Plasmolysis

Back 20

plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when it is VERY dehydrated = causes wilting in plants.

Front 21

Ion Channels

Back 21

facilitated diffusion. needs a stimulus to open.

Front 22

gated channels

Back 22

stimulus causes them to open/close. electrical or chemical stimulus.

Front 23

Sodium Potassium pump

Back 23

exchanges sodium for potassium using ATP.

Front 24

Membrane Potential

Back 24

voltage across a membrane. negative cytoplasm, so Anions go into the cell and Caions go out of the cell. Chemical and electrical diffusion.

Front 25

electrochemical gradient

Back 25

chemical and electrical diffusion factor.

Front 26

electrogenic pump

Back 26

activly transports ions out of cell.

Front 27

proton pump

Back 27

actively transports H+ ions out of the cell to facilitate the diffusion of other molecules.

Front 28

Co transport

Back 28

coupled transport by membrane protein. pump across a membrane = does work as it diffuses back across.

Front 29

Exocytosis

Back 29

secreting macromolecules by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Front 30

Endocytosis

Back 30

forming new vesicles from plasma membrane to bring substances into the cell.

Front 31

Phagocytosis

Back 31

"Cellular eating" = Endocytosis that makes a food vacole that then fuses with a digestive lysosome.

Front 32

Pinocytosis

Back 32

"Cellular Drinking" = Endocytosis in which extracellular fluid is enclosed in a vesticle. there is often an important solute in the fluid.

Front 33

Receptor mediated Endocytosis

Back 33

Endocytosis where a substance that is not very concentrated is caught by receptor proteins in the "pit" of a dent in the cell membrane. the inside of the new vesticle is coated with proteins.

Front 34

Ligands

Back 34

a general term for any molecule that binds specifically to receptor site of another molecule.