Ap Bio (Chapter 40 - Basic Animal Form/function)

Front 1

epithelial tissue

Back 1

protective outer layer cells that form barriers. so they are tightly packed.

Front 2

glandular epithelia

Back 2

epithelial tissue that absorbe or secrete chemical solutions.

Front 3

mucous membrane

Back 3

a type of glandular epithelia that lines the lumen (cavity) of the digestive and resparoty tracts.

Front 4

simple epithelium

Back 4

epithelium with a single layer of cells.

Front 5

stratified epithelium

Back 5

epithelium with multiple layers of cells.

Front 6

cuboidal

Back 6

dice shaped epithelial cells

Front 7

columnar

Back 7

brick-shaped epithelial cells

Front 8

squamous

Back 8

floor-tile-like shaped epithelial cells.

Front 9

connective tissue

Back 9

loosely packed tissue with lots of Extra cellular Matrix. binds and supports tissues.

Front 10

collagenous fibers

Back 10

made of collagen and are not elastic. more rope-like connective tissue.

Front 11

elastic fiber

Back 11

connective tissue that stretches because it has the protein elastin.

Front 12

reticular fiber

Back 12

connective tissue that is fabric-like and made of collagen, so does not stretch but keeps shape.

Front 13

loose connective tissue

Back 13

like packaging material.

Front 14

fibroblasts

Back 14

scattered in the connective tissue and secrete protein ingredients of the extracellular fibers.

Front 15

macrophages

Back 15

amoeboid cells that roam the maxe of fibers and engulf foregin particles and debris of dead cells by phagocytosis.

Front 16

cartilage

Back 16

collagenous tissue.

Front 17

chondrocytes

Back 17

cells that secrete collagen and material.

Front 18

tendons

Back 18

fibrous tissue that connects bone to muscle.

Front 19

ligaments

Back 19

fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone.

Front 20

adipose

Back 20

tissue that connects fat cells.

Front 21

osteoblast

Back 21

tissues that form bones.

Front 22

osteon

Back 22

repeating units that form bones.

Front 23

skeletal muscle

Back 23

muscle moved my voulentry movment and connected to the bones.
striated

Front 24

striated muscle

Back 24

muscles with stripes.

Front 25

cardiac muscle

Back 25

striated muscle only in the heart and used to pump it. uses disks to coordinate and organize the invoulentary movement.

Front 26

smooth muscle

Back 26

not striated muscle found in the organs and used to move food and other things through the organ systems.

Front 27

nervous tissue

Back 27

the brain and nervous tissues.

Front 28

neurons

Back 28

units that make up nervous tissue. transmit electrical signals.

Front 29

mesenteries

Back 29

connective tissue in the moist, fluid-filled body cavities that suspend the organs.

Front 30

thoracic cavity

Back 30

houses the lungs/heart in mammals. (upper)

Front 31

abdominal cavity

Back 31

lower cavity in mammals seperated from above by the diaphragm

Front 32

diaphragm

Back 32

sheet of muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Front 33

bioenergetics

Back 33

flow of energy through an animal.

Front 34

metabolic rate

Back 34

sum of all the energy-requiering biochemical reactions.

Front 35

endothermic

Back 35

animals that self-warm their own bodies. need narrow range of internal temp.

Front 36

ectothermic

Back 36

animals that use an outside source for internal heat regulation. they have a wider range of internal heat.

Front 37

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Back 37

metabolic rate of a nongrowing endotherm at rest, with an empty stomach, and with no stress.

Front 38

Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR)

Back 38

the metabolic rate of a resting, fasting, nonstressed ectotherm.

Front 39

energy budget

Back 39

energy needed for life for any given oganism.

Front 40

regulator

Back 40

uses internal control to keep homeostasis.

Front 41

conformer

Back 41

an animal that allows its internal condition to vary with external changes.

Front 42

countercurrent heat exchange

Back 42

using the blood flow to bring heat or take away heat from a part of the body. (Sharks and ducks)

Front 43

nonshivering thermogenesis (NST)

Back 43

produces heat instead of ATP.

Front 44

brown fat

Back 44

specialized fat for NST or rapid heat production.

Front 45

acclimatization

Back 45

physiological response that animals use to adjust to a new range of temperatures.

Front 46

stress induced proteina (including heat shock proteins)

Back 46

with a rapid change in the environmental temperature, proteins are made to keep the shape of enzymes that would otherwise be denatured.

Front 47

torpor

Back 47

physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases.

Front 48

hibernation

Back 48

long term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food scarcity.

Front 49

estivation

Back 49

summer torpor that enables animals to survive during high temperatures.

Front 50

daily torpor

Back 50

small birds and mammals use to rest and keep up strength.