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3 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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Regarding invasive pressure monitoring
a. Systems with natural frequency of 5Hz will have a decrease in MAP b. Overdamped will have decrease in MAP c. Underdamped will have decrease in MAP d. Underdamped will have decrease in diastolic BP e. overdamped will have increase in systolic BP |
Answer - D
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Comments
damping will not effect MAP underdamping will over estimate SBP and decrease DBP overdamping will under estimate SBP and increase DBP |
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"Some question about the functions of brain cells" "new"
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A. microglia have large dendritic networks
B. glia cells are only found in the cortex C. oligodendrocytes are the only cells to form many connections in the brain D. astrocytes are scavenger cells E. ?Schwann cells are involved in the BBB |
Answer - ?E
Comments - Schwann cells are Glia in the SC - Neuroglia is synonomous for supporting cells in CNS - including Oligo, Astro, Microglia - Oligodendrocytes produce myelin formation - Astrocytes - fibrous (WM) & Protoplasmic (GM) - form BBB by inducing tight junctions and generally maintain neurones - Microglia are like macrophages - astrocytes induce blood vessels to form BBB |
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AD01 [Mar96] [Apr01] [Mar05] [Jul05] ABGs: pH 7.35, pCO2 60 mmHg, pO2 40 mmHg. These blood gas results are consistent with:
A. Atelectasis B. Morphine induced respiratory depression (OR: Acute morphine overdose) C. Diabetic ketoacidosis D. Patient with COAD E. Lobar pneumonia (OR: bronchopneumonia) F. Metabolic acidosis (Alt version of the gas results: pH 7.35; pO2 45mmHg; pCO2 60mmHg; HCO3- 34mmol/l) |
Answer - D
A. Atelectasis - may cause hypoxaemia but unlikely to cause a raised pCO2 as the patient would be tachypnoeic. Also more likely to be an acute problem than chronic (i.e. metabolic compensation yet to occur) B. Acute Morphine Overdose - would result in bradypnoea and a respiratory acidosis. As it is acute this would not have metabolic compensation to the degree that this blood gas shows. C. Diabetic Acidosis - patients with metabolic acidoses will tend to have a low pCO2 due to compensatory hyperventilation. Hypoxaemia should not occur with DKA. D. Patient with COPD - most likely cause. This is blood gas represents a chronic condition as metabolic compensation for the respiratory acidosis has occurred. Patient likely to be chronically hypoxaemic or this could represent an exacerbation. E. Lobar pneumonia - once again this is unlikely due to the chronic picture. While lobar pneumonia can lead to shunt it would have to be quite large before a significant rise in pCO2 would occur. F. Metabolic acidosis - this is clearly a respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation and hypoxaemia. |
Rules for beside evaluation of Respiratory Acidoses
1 for 10 rule for acute respiratory acidosis HCO3- = 24 + [(pCO2 - 40)/10] in this case this would equal 26 4 for 10 rule for chronic respiratory acidosis HCO3- = 24 + 4[(pCO2 - 40)/10] in this case this would equal 32 ***much closer to our HCO3- value so this is likely to be a chronic problem |
