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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Drug
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Any chemical that can affect living processes
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Phamacology
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the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
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Clinical Phamacology
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the study of drugs in humans
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pharmacotherapeutics
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the use drugs to diagnosis, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy
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Ideal Drug Properties
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Effectiveness, Safety, Selectivity(no drug only elicits only a desired effect - side effects), Reversibility, Predictability, Ease of administration, Minimal drug interactions
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Therapeutic Objective
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The objective of a drug therapy is to have the maximum effectiveness with minimum harm.
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Effectiveness
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An effective drug is one that elicits the desired responses for which it is given for
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Safety
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There is NO such thing as a safe drug
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Pharmacokinetics
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Movement of meds thru the body
ADME Absorptions, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion |
Four major pharmacokinetics processes
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Pharmacodynamics
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Impact of drugs on body & how they do it
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Absorption
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time the drug takes to get from the site of entry until it gets to the blood stream (or GI - oral)
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Distribution
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Blood stream to the site of action
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Metabolism
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Biotransformation of the medication (liver)
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Excretion
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Elimination of Drug (kidneys)
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Enteral
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Oral - GI tract
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Parenteral
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Injection - outside of GI
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therapeutic effect
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the largest effect that a drug can have
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Therapeutic Index
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Is a measure of the drugs safety
TI = LD(50%)/ED(50%) High/Large therapeutic dose means the drug is safer Lethal Dose/Therapeutic Response |
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Agonist
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will "light up" for intended action
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Antagonist
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will block receptor and not allow intended reponse
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Bioavailablility
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are equal if the drug they contain is absorbed @ the same rate and to the same extent
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Hepatotoxic
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Liver toxicity
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Empiric Therapy
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the method of treating a disease based on observation and experience w/o understanding of the cause
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First-pass effect
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drugs that get diminished due to the oral route-->GI - liver - bloodstream- it loses some "power" along the way by being absorbed in the liver first
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Half Life
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Amount of time it takes for half the drug to be excreted/inactive - Day 5 after 4 half lives is the average
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5 Rights of Medication Administration
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Right Patient
Right Drug Right Time Right Dose Right Route |
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Idiosyncratic effect
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an uncommon drug response caused by a predisposing genetic condition
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Iatrogenic Disease
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A disease produced by drugs or the act of physician
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carcinogenic effect
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ability to cause cancer
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teratogenic effect
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anything that effects the normal prenatal development
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IOM
Chemotherapy |
Can be carcinogenic
Causes tissue necrosis w/extravasation Considered a biohazard spill w/ significant risks to those who come into direct contact with the drug |
Cancer
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IOM
metformin |
Small but potentially fatal risk of lactic acidosis w/ admin
Metformin is a useful anti-hyperglycemic agent but drug mortality is associated with drug-induced lactic acidosis renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism and conditions w/ hypoxia are contraindications Metformin induce lactic acidosis risks: sepsis, dehydration, high dosages and increased age |
lactic a
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IOM
IV Potassium |
Risk of overdose which can lead to life threatening dysrhthmias
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HEART ATTACK!
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IOM
Saline >0.9% concentration |
High risk for injury caused by severe fluid shift due to changes in serum osmolality caused by IV administration of hypertonic saline solution
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Dehydration - too much salt
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IOM
Heparin UFH and LMWH |
Can be confused w/ insulin due to packaging and are high use meds, dosed in units, and are often given as continuous IV
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don't get confused with...
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IOM
Insulin |
Can be confused w/ heparin due to packaging... see heparin
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don't get confused with...
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Neuromuscular Blockers
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Complete paralysis, including respiratory muscles
If given in error to a patient w/out mechanical ventilation, patient will experience respiratory arrest |
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PCA
Patient controlled analgesia |
PCA errors regarding concentration and rate can cause severe respiratory depression or ineffective pain control for the patient
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