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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Marriage vs. Family What's the Difference? |
Marriage: A Ceremony Family: Related by blood |
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Four things that the Nuclear Family Regulates |
1. Sexual Mating and Reproduction 2. Socialization and Enculturation of Children 3. Division of Labor based on Gender 4. Residency - Where you live |
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Exogamy vs. Endogamy |
Exogamy - Marrying outside of a certain group Endogamy - Marrying within a certain group |
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Natural Aversion Theory |
Family members simply have an innate discomfort with incest. Problem: Theory is incomplete because incest still happens |
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Inbreeding Theory |
Recessive genes can be harmful when family members marry. Problem: Birth defects ONLY happen when you pass down harmful recessive genes. You don't know you have them. |
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Family Disruption Theory |
Incest creates role ambiguity among the family. Also causes jealousy |
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Expanding Social Alliances Theory |
Family creates alliances with other families through marriage, especially with their enemies. |
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Arranged marriages vs. Marriage by choice |
Parents choose your spouse (Decisions by experience) You choose your spouse (Decisions by love) |
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Monogamy (Serial Monogamy) |
Marrying only one person (at a time. Divorce.) |
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Polygamy |
Marrying multiple people |
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Polygyny (and it's advantages) |
Where a man marries more than one woman at a time. Most preferred in all of society. (Population can expand and live on a subsistence level. No surplus) |
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Polyandry |
Women marry more than one man. |
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3 Reasons why certain men can practice Polygamy |
1. Social Status 2. Wealth 3. Managerial Skills |
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Four ways to reduce jealousy among polygynous wives |
1. Allow them to pick the other wives (sororal, marry sisters) 2. Give them separate households 3. Divide up the chores or responsibilities 4. Create a hierarchy among them. |
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2 Reasons Polyandry Still Practiced in Tibet |
1. Keeps family property intact (Sons live on the same property) 2. Population control |
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Bride wealth vs. Dowry |
Bridewealth - Family of the man gives to the family of the woman Dowry - From bride to groom |
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Nine Characteristics of Bridewealth |
1. Insurance policy for the good treatment of the Bride 2.Reduces Divorce 3. Acts as a marriage license. 4. Compensation for her economic potential 5. Compensation for her domestic potential 6. Women's fertility is a scarce resource. She does not have rights to it. Passed from family to family. 7. She has no rights to the children that she bears. Passed from family to family 8. Creates an alliance between the two families 9. Leveling device (Poor and rich stay about equal.) |
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The Levirate |
Widows are expected to marry their deceased husband's brothers |
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The Sororate |
Widowers are expected to marry their deceased wife's sisters |
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Bride Service |
The groom works for the family of the bride to pay off the wedding. (could be weeks, months or years.) |
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Nuclear Family |
Consists of Father, Mother, and children. 25% of households in the US |
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Extended Family |
Uncles, Grandparents, cousins |
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Cross Cousins |
The children of your parent's siblings of the opposite gender. E.g. your mother's brother's children or your father's sister's children. |
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Reference Groups: Activities you perform with them |
Reference Groups - Groups that you perform all 5 activities with. 1. Eating 2. Sleeping 3. Working 4. Playing 5. Worshiping |
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Kinship Defined |
Relationships found in all societies which are Consanguinal and vertical (by blood), or Affinal and Horizontal (by marriage) |
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Descent Groups |
Blood Related. Vertical kinship. |
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Alliance Group |
Marriage related. Horizontal kinship. |
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Kinship terms and behavior |
What you call someone determines your behavior toward them. The more specific it is, the more specific the behavior is. |
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Four Principles of Kinship Classification |
1. Generation 2. Gender 3. Relative age - Birth Order 4. Side of Family |
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Formation of Descent Groups |
Formed by father's or mother's line |
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Unilineal Descent Groups |
Patrilineal - Father's line is traced (most common) Matrilineal - Mother's line is traced |
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Uterine Family |
Mother and Children (Father not included) |
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Lineage |
Descent Group traced back 10 generations |
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Clan |
Not having complete lineage (missing pieces) |
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Corporate Nature of Unilineal Descent Groups |
If the leader dies, the family still continues on. |
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Six Characteristics of Unilineal Descent Groups |
1. Gives the individual a sense of identity 2. Regulates marriage (the two families meet and approve) 3. Passage of property (Always between males equally) 4. Regulates criminal justice 5. Regulates security and protection 6. Regulates Worship |
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Cognatic descent |
How you trace your lineage (descent) |
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Bilateral Descent |
Using and tracing both lineages equally. |
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Kindred |
Relatives that are in your cognate |
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Balanced Reciprocity |
When you pay each other back immediately for a gift or favor. Happens between husband and wife. |
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Generation Principle |
Children listen to parents out of respect. Parents provide basic necessities in exchange for obedience. Children will pay them back eventually. |
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Generalized Reciprocity |
Exists between children and their parents. Children will pay back parents over time. |
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Rule of Amity |
Siblings sacrifice for one another. The ultimate sacrifice is death. |