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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mutation is: |
-Any change in the genetic code. -May involve a single incorrect base in a codon. |
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Darwin's Gradualism: |
-Involves slow and steady cumulative change. -Believed by Darwin to lead to new species. |
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Which of the following is NOT a reproductive isolating mechanism? |
Natural Selection |
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Gene flow results in: |
-The exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding. -New genetic combinations in offspring. |
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A genotype is: |
The alleles possessed by an organism. |
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Punctuated Equilibrium is: |
-Involves fairly sudden change -Cannot be depicted as a "ladder" -Is believed to lead to new species. |
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The following is NOT an absolute dating technique: |
Stratigraphy |
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The AR Model hypothesizes that Homo sapiens: |
-Evolved recently as a species -Evolved in Africa -Spread to replace more archaic populations |
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The MRE origins model hypothesizes that Homo sapiens: |
Spread and interbred with more archaic populations. |
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Paleoanthropology |
The study of the human fossil record based on study of skeletal biology. |
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True or False: Variation is now known to be in the genetic makeup of populations. |
True |
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True or False: The idea of evolution is simple--- species of living things change over time and under the right circumstances, this change can produce new species of living organisms from existing ones. |
True |
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True or False: Mendelian genetics showed that inheritance does not involve the blending of substances but, rather, are particulate. |
True |
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True or False: Fitness is the relative adaptiveness of an individual organism measured ultimately by reproductive success. |
True |
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True or False: Natural selection works on the variation that is known to be in the genetic makeup of populations. |
True |
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True or False: A scientist uses "The Scientific Method" which answers questions according to a special set of rules that involves a cycle of steps. |
True |
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True or False: Adaption is the state in which an organism is adjusted to and can survive in its environment through its physical traits and behaviors. |
True |
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True or False: Phenotype is the chemical or physical results of genetic code. |
True |
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When we talk about genes being dominant and recessive there is no value attached to them. |
True |
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An allele is an alternative from of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. |
True |
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True or False: Primates of the family Hominidae include: Modern humans, earlier human subspecies, and their direct human ancestors. |
True |
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True or False: Functionally similar but evolutionarily unrelated traits are known as analogies. |
True |
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True or False: Homo erectus is known to have spread far out of Africa and adapted to a wide range of temperate, tropical, and cold environments throughout Europe and Asia. |
True |
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True or False: A taxonomy is a classification system based on similarities and differences. |
True |
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True or False: Homo erects had overall skeletal proportions much like those of modern humans. |
True |
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True or False: Stratigraphy is a relative dating technique. |
True |
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True or False: The early African hominids radiated into three distinct groups, often classified as separate genera Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo. |
True |
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True or False: Humans, Chimpanzees, and Bonobos have all adapted to different environmental niches. |
True |
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True or False: Most adaptations are cultural. |
True |
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True or False: Genetic Drift is the exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding. |
False |
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True or False: Mitosis is the process of cell division in which gametes are produced. |
False |
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True or False: Genetic flow is the exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding. |
False |
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True or False: This adaption, called bipedalism (exhibited by modern apes), is a form of locomotion that involves placing the backs of the middle joints of the fingers on the ground. |
False |
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True or False: Homo habilis "wise person" is a recent, separate species. |
False |
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True or False: Based on the mitochondrial DNA evidence, Homo neanderthalensis is thought to be a direct ancestor to modern humans. |
False |
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True or False: The fossil record indicates that an increase in brain size was the first hominid trait to evolve. |
False |
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True or False: Homo habilis is the fossil find commonly referred to as "Lucy". |
False |
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The common prehensile ability that modern humans exhibit and share with our close relatives: |
-Is a shared derived characteristic -Comes from the same ancient ancestor and serves the same basic function |
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Memorize skeleton |
memorize skeleton |
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Primatology |
The study of nonhuman primates |
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Meiosis |
Process of cell division that produces gametes |
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Mitosis |
Process of cell division that results in two exact copies of original cell. |
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Gametes |
Cells of sexual reproduction, sperm and egg, and are the only mutations that concern us for evolution. |
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Nuclear DNA |
Supports MRE Model. |
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Mitochondrial DNA |
Supports AR Model |
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Homo neanderthalensis |
-When looking from Mitochondrial DNA, they are not a part of our ancestry. -When looking from Nuclear DNA, they are from our ancestry. -200,000 and 30,000 ya. |
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Genes |
Those portions of the DNA molecule that code for protein |
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Gene Pool |
All the alleles in a population |
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Breeding Populations |
Populations within a species that are genetically isolated to some degree from other populations |
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Quadrupedal |
Walking on all four limbs |
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Prehensile |
An adaptation allows the individual to hold a small object in its prehensilehand and walk at the same time. |
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Relative dating technique |
gives some date range |
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Absolute dating technique |
gives exact date |
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Hominini |
In a cladistic taxonomy, the tribe for humans. |
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Australopithecus |
-Almost certainly our direct ancestor. -Lucy who was Australopithecus afarensis. |
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Lucy |
Australopithecus afarensis: found at Hadar, northen Ethiopia. 3.2 mya, fully bipedal, arboreal in the upper body. |
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Homo Sapiens |
-200 kya to present. -Wise Man |
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) |
Because they reflect past mutation, we can use them to estimate evolutionary relationships among individuals and populations. |
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Demography |
The statistical study of the size and makeup of human populations and changes in those measures is called demography.
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Melanocytes |
Specialized skin cells that produce the pigment melanin.
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Melanin |
The pigment largely responsible for human skin color.
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Life Histories |
Some ways bio anthropologists study living population is through individual life histories. |
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Sex |
Sex is biological |
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Gender |
Gender is a folk taxonomy |
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Folk taxonomies |
The cultural defined categories |
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Subspecies |
On a biological level, subspecies/races do not exist for our species. |
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Races |
Subspecies |
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Racism |
Judging an individual based solely on his or her racial affiliation. |
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Forensic anthropology |
Identification and analysis of skeletal remains in missing person and accident victims |