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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ethnography |
A study of a particular people and culture |
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Etic |
Deductive perspective - developing a hypothesis based on existing theories (outsider) |
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Emic |
Inductive perspective - analysis of data based on practical use (insider) |
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Ethnocentrism |
The tendency to believe ones own culture is the best to judge the behavior and beliefs of culturally different people by ones own standards |
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4 Subfields of Anthro |
Cultural, biological, archaeology, linguistics |
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Culture |
Shared and learned behavior that has passed between generations |
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Cultural relativism |
Looking at issues through the lens of the culture it is present in rather than by our own cultural standards |
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George Foster |
First to define medical anthropology in the field |
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Biocultural perspective |
The perspective that illness and disease are caused by biological factors such as germs or viruses |
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Illness |
Subjective experience of symptoms and disabilities; local cultural orientation shapes our understanding and treatment options |
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Disease |
What the practitioner sees to explain an illness |
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Explanatory Model-Personalistic |
Illness can be caused by actions of other people or supernatural forces; look beyond natural causes |
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Explanatory Model-Naturalistic |
Illness caused by impersonal, mechanistic causes in nature. They use scientific method to explain such as saying causes are injury, infection, malnutrition, and genetics |
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Critical medical anthropology |
Look at health in the context of social, political and economic forces |
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Evolutionary-ecological approach |
Analyzes the adaptive relationship between host, pathogen and environment |
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Positivistic approach |
Reliable knowledge based on direct observation |
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Interpretive approach |
Seeks to understand the meaning of illness/disease from individuals to collective perspectives |
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Epidemiology |
Use of statistics to compare illness/disease occurrence in axes of social contexts |
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Participant observation |
Direct contact with informants; the more time you spend with them, the more effective you'll be. Themes start to emerge in the conversations. |
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Key Informant/subject |
Insiders with special knowledge, status or communication abilities. Relationship can affect relations with wider group |
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Emerging diseases |
Microbes that cause newly recognized diseases in humans; spreads to new populations and locations |
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Re-emerging diseases |
Global resurgence of long recognized infectious diseases such as TB, Dengue, malaria and cholera |
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Prevalence |
The rate at which something appears to be affecting a population |
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Incidence |
The rate at which something is affecting the population |
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Medical pluralism |
The adoption of more than one medical system in a given culture (biomedical and non-biomedical treatments) |
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Social authority |
Ability of a person or social group to influence the actions and/or decision making of others on the basis of social status and power. |
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Natural selection |
Traits and genes that ensure the survival of a few species in a given environment |
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Professional health sector |
Sector of health care designated to those who are professionally trained to treat illness/disease. |
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Popular health sector |
Sector that focuses on home care and remedies passed down in the family. Has a high interaction with the other sectors because it is easily influenced. |
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Folk health sector |
Sector that relied on the healing and practices of a shaman/folk healer who is not professionally trained. |
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Syndemic |
Interacting health problems characteristic of a segment of human society |
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Mortality |
The number of deaths from a specific disease in a given area and/or over a period of time |
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Morbidity |
The number of individuals suffering from a specific disease in a given area and/or period of time |
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Holism |
the theory that parts of a whole are in intimate interconnection, such that they cannot exist independently of the whole, or cannot be understood without reference to the whole. |
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Beneficence |
concept in research ethics which states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study. |