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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Superior/Cranial |
Above (towards head) |
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Inferior/Caudal |
Below (towards tail) |
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Anterior |
Towards front |
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Posterior |
Towards back |
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Medial |
Towards midline |
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Lateral |
Away from midline |
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Proximal |
Region of limb closer to trunk |
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Distal |
Region away from trunk |
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Dorsal |
Towards back |
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Ventral |
Towards belly |
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Coronal Plane |
Divided body into anterior and posterior halves |
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Sagittal Plane |
Divides the body into left and right halves |
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Transverse Plane |
Divides the body into superior and inferior halves |
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Basic Dental Formula |
Incisors. Canine. Premolars. Molars |
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1st & 2nd Cervical Vertebrae |
Atlas and Axis |
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Human Dental Formula |
2.1.2.3 |
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Orthognathic |
Short muzzle |
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Chimpanzee Dental Formula |
2.1.2.3 |
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Bilophodont |
Molars have two parallel lines Old World Monkeys |
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Y-5 |
Molars create a Y Hominoids |
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New World Monkey Dental Formula |
2.1.3.3 |
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Rhinarium |
Fleshy wet pad on nose Strepsirhines-Yes Haplorhines-No |
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Mandibular Fusion |
1 piece mandible Strepsirhines-no Haplorhines-yes |
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Divergent Eye Orientation |
On the side Strepsirhines |
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Convergent Eye Orientation |
Together front facing Haplorhines |
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Strepsirhines |
Lemurs, lorises, aye-ayes |
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Haplorrhines |
Apes, monkeys, tarsiers |
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Prognathic |
Long muzzle |
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Platyrrhines |
New World Monkeys Central and South America |
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Catarrhines |
Old world monkeys & apes Africa and Asia |
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Platyrrhine Dental Formula |
2.1.3.3 |
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Catarrhine Dental Formula |
2.1.2.3 |
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Prehensile Tail |
Tail can grasp or hold objects Some platyrrhines No catarrhines |
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Cercopithecoids |
Old world monkeys |
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Hominoids |
Apes |
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Prosimians/Strepsirhini |
Lemurs and lorises |
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Anthropoids/Haplorhini |
Monkeys and apes |
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Tarsiiformes |
Tarsiers |
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Human Apomorphy |
A trait that humans have to the exclusion of all other apes Ex. Bipedalism |
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Synapomorphy |
Shared and derived (Trait 4) |
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Sexual dimorphism features |
Overall body size Canine size Brow Ridge Saggital crest |
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Sexual Dimorphism and Primate Social Organization |
More = Competition for mates Polygnous mating system |
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Foramen Magnum |
Hole at base of skull where spinal chord connects to brain |
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Brachiation |
Arm swinging between branches |
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Bipedal |
Walk on two legs |
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Arboreal |
Living in trees |
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Intermembral Index |
Ratio of upper to lower limb length IMI = 100 x (humerus length + radius length) ÷ (Femur length + tibia length) IMI > 100 =BRACHIATION IMI < 100 =BIPEDAL IMI = 100 =TERRESTRIAL |
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Human Lumbar Curve |
Bear weight of upper body |
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Os coxae |
Hip bone |