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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus get to the anterior pituitary by way of blood vessels called the __.
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Hypophoseal Portal System
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Some endocrine glands elsewhere in the body suppress the secretion of hormones by the pituitary. This is called __.
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Negative feedback inhibition
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Hypersecretion of growth hormone causes __ if it occurs in childhood or adolescence and __ if it occurs in adulthood.
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Gigantism; acromegaly
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The metabolic rate is regulated by a large endocrine gland near the larynx called the __.
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Thyroid
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Hormones of the adrenal cortex fall into three categories: sex steroids, __, and __.
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Mineral corticoids; glyco corticoids
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The endocrine part of the pancreas consists of cell clusters called __.
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Pancreatic islets
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The __ in the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, while the __ secretes aldosterone.
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zona fasciculata; zona glomerulosa
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The interstitial cells of the testis secrete __.
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Adrogens/Testosterone
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Exocrine secretions have __ effects, while endocrine secretions have __ effects.
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Extracellular; Intracellular
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Two symptoms of diabetes mellitus are __, which means glucose in the urine, and __, which means an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood.
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Glycosuria; Hyperglycemia
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Consequence of a dietary iodine deficiency
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Endemic goiter
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Hormone of the kidneys and liver that increases red blood cell production
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Erythropoietin
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Caused by certain viruses acting on genetically susceptible people
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Typel DM
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Any pituitary hormone that stimulates the ovaries or testes
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Gonadotropin
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Stimulates release of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex
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ACTH
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T/F
Steroid hormones bind to receptors in the cytoplasm of their target cells. |
False
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T/F
Hypergylcemic hormones include cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone. |
True
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T/F
The neurohypophysis synthesizes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. |
False
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T/F
Some hormones oppose the effects of other hormones. |
True
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T/F
Insulin is secreted when blood glucose drops too low and helps raise it to a safe level. |
False
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T/F
In most cases of diabetes mellitus cannot be treated with insulin. |
True
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T/F
In the alarm reaction caused by stress, the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone precedes the secretion of glucocorticoids. |
True
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The anterior pituitary can be stimulated by:
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone
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Blood calcium concentration is controlled mainly by a hormone from the:
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Parathyroids
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__ is referred to as the "salt-retaining hormone," and it helps correct low blood pressure.
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Aldesterone
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Antidiuretic hormone:
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Reduces urine output
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Which of the following hormones must travel through the hypophyseal portal system to carry out its function.
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
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Insulin injections will not benefit people with type 2 diabetes mellitus because:
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Their target cells lack receptors for insulin
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Chronic stress can make a person more susceptible to infection or cancer because it stimulates the continual secretion of:
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Cortisol
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All of the following anterior pituitary hormones have a narrow range of targets except:
GH FSH TSH LH ACTH |
GH
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All of these are caused by hypersecretion of a hormone except:
Acromegaly Endemic goiter Cushing synydrome Androgenital syndrome Graves disease |
Endemic Goiter
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All of the following hormones are steroids except:
Prosgesterone estrogen aldosterone cortisone dopamine |
Dopamine
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Term: adeno-
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Gland
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Term: -physis
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Growth
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Term: trop-
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change
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Term: toc-
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birth
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Term: diabet-
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flow through
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Term: poly-
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much, excess
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Term: -uria
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urine
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Term: natri-
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sodium
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Term: -crin
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secrete
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Term: -dipsia
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drinking
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Term: melli-
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honey
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What is the general name of the types of organs that produce hormones?
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Endocrine glands
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What name is given to cells or tissues receptive to hormones?
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Target Cells
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Melatonin is secreted by what gland?
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Pineal Gland
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Where is ADH stored?
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Kidneys
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Where is TSH produced?
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Anterior Pituatary
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What is the effect of TSH?
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Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thryoid hormones
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What connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
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Medial Isthmus
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Where is glucagon produced?
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Alpha cells in Pancreatic Islets
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Which hormones on the adrenal gland control water and electrolyte balance.
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Cortocosteroid Hormones
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What is the primary gland that secretes epinephrine?
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Adrenal gland
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Where is growth hormone produced?
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Anterior pituitary
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What is another name for T3?
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Triiodotharonine
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