Ang Final

Front 1

civil liberties

Back 1

limits placed by the government
Bill of rights ( 1-10 amendments)

Front 2

civil rights

Back 2

what the government does for you
14th and 15th amendment
what government has to do

Front 3

14th amendment

Back 3

all rights rooted in the 14th amendment ( equal protection under the law)•
Before 1863 the Constitution protected slavery and made equality impossible in the sense we use the word today.
o Dred Scott v. Sandford
all persons born or naturalized in the us are citizens
due process of law
apply bill of rights to state/local government

Front 4

establishment clause

Back 4

prohibits the establishment of a church by the national government
(applied to funding regarding school, prayer, teaching evolution vs intelligent design)

Front 5

evolution

Back 5

has been outlawed in the past
( Epperson vs. Arkansas it is now unconstitutional)

Front 6

slander

Back 6

defamation of character-wrongfully hurting a persons good reputation. The law imposes a general duty to refrain from making a false statement about others

slander= public uttering of a false statement

Front 7

libel

Back 7

written

Front 8

obscenity

Back 8

sexually offensive material
can be found illegal if, an average person finds that it violates contemporary standards
the work taken appends a prurient interest in sex
the work shows offensive sexual conduct
the work lacks artistic or scientific material

Front 9

medicare

Back 9

• Created under Johnson
• Pays hospital and physicians’ bills for U.S. residents over age 65.
• Medicare is the second largest domestic spending program, after Social Security.

Front 10

medicaid

Back 10

• In recent years, the federal government has paid about 55% of Medicaid’s total cost: the states pay the rest.
• The new health-care reform legislation adopted in 2010 will expand the share of the population that is eligible for Medicaid.

Front 11

third party

Back 11

insurance ( private) someone paying for your healthcare
Third parties include MediCare, MedicAid, and Private Insurance: Quality is descreased, price increased.

Front 12

plessey vs ferguson

Back 12

separate but equal •
Plessy v. Ferguson: equal protection under law is okay if you have separate but equal facilities

Front 13

brown vs board of education

Back 13

established that segregation of races in public schools violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.

Front 14

defacto

Back 14

segregation that can occur by means of past socioeconomic factors and residential racial problems

Front 15

De jure segregation

Back 15

segregation that occurs by means of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies. Ex:(make a law that makes it hard for African Americans to obtain a certain level of mortgage loan).

Front 16

domestic policy

Back 16

• All of the laws, government planning, and government actions that concern internal issues of national importance.
• Simple to complex issues.
• Regulatory policies: policy or law that says: “this is what is legal and what is not legal”
• Redistributive Policies: aim to transfer incomes from certain individuals from more to less income
• Promotional Policies: trying to prevent certain action

Front 17

steps of policy making

Back 17

• Agenda Building: congress becomes aware of a situation or problem that requires congressional action.
o May occur as a result of crisis, technological change, or mass media campaigns.
• Policy Formulation: various proposals are discussed among government officials and the public.
o Discussions may take place in the printed media, on television, and in the halls of congress
• Policy Adoption: choosing a specific policy from among the proposals that have been discussed.
o This is done so in the legislative branch (longest phase)
• Policy Implementation: Government action must be implemented by bureaucrats, the courts, police, and individual citizens.
• Policy Evaluation: Groups inside and outside the government conduct studies to determine what actually happens after a policy has been in place for a given period of time.

Front 18

cartels

Back 18

an association of producers or consumers of a certain product, formed to manipulate its price on the market. Ex. (OPEC)***
• Coordination of limits on prodution to affect prices.

Front 19

healthcare reform

Back 19

Implementing the Policy:
• The health care reform legislation is expected to become effective over an extended period of time.
o Bar insurance companies from dropping people when they become ill.
o Let the youth remain under parents’ plan until they are 26
o Preexisting conditions
o Tax breaks to small businesses that insure their employees
o 10% tax on indoor tanning services.

Front 20

why terrorism is effective

Back 20

• Psychological nature
• Randomness of the victims
• Dramatic nature of the incidents
• Terrorists are more willing to violate the norms of the international system.

Front 21

terrorism strategies

Back 21

• **Coercion: a strategy that induces policy change by imposing or threatening to impose costs on the target.
• **Provocation: a strategy intended to “provide” the target government into taking a response that alienates moderates in the terrorists’ home society or in other sympathetic audiences.
• **Spoiling: intended to sabotage a prospective peace between the target and the moderate leadership from the terrorists’ home society (HAMAS)
• **Outbidding: when two terrorist factions compete for support within their home populations
o Use attacks in order to demonstrate their capability for leadership and commitment.

Front 22

realism

Back 22

• Realism: views states as self-seeking actors in the international realm.
o Political realism: philosophy that sees each nation is only going to act in it’s own interest. The use of force to achieve certain ends.
o Calls for a strong national defense

Front 23

liberalism

Back 23

• Liberalism (idealism): theory that is positive for the outlook of achieving peace in the international realm.
o Moral idealism: a philosophy that sees nation as willing to cooperate and agree on moral standards for conduct.
o Woodrow Wilson and the league of nations (collective security)
o United Nations.
o ** Could be good bonus 5 members of security council: US, Russia, China, UK, France
o International institutions operate by reciprocal contributions and concessions of formally equal members. Optimistic about prospects for cooperation.