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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the main function of the Respiratory System?
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To bring oxygen into the body and carry carbon dioxide out of it.
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What type of respiration occurs in the lungs, takes place between the air inhaled in the lungs and the blood flowing through the capillaries (pulmonary circulation)?
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External respiration
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What type of respiration occurs all over the body, exchange of air between the capillaries and the cells and tissues of the body?
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Internal respiration
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What are four of the main respiratory system functions?
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Voice Production
Body Temperature Regulation Acid-base balance Olfactory sense |
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What two systems is the respiratory system divided into?
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Upper Respiratory System
Lower Respiratory System |
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What is the upper respiratory system composed of?
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Nose to tracheal bifurcation.
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What is the lower respiratory system composed of?
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Bronchi to alveoli.
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What is the area separated by Nasal Septum, filled with mucous membrane lined turbinates?
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Nasal Passages
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The nasal passage is divided into 3?
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meatuses (passageways)
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What is the area of air-filled pockets within the maxillary and frontal bones?
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Paranasal Sinuses
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What is the common passageway for respiratory and digestive systems?
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Pharynx
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What is the ventral caudal respiratory pathway?
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Laryngopharynx
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What is the dorsal caudal digestive pathway?
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Esophagus
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What is the function of the Larynx?
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Voice production.
Prevents foreign material from being inhaled. Controls airflow. |
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What are the four components of the Larynx?
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Epiglottis
Arytenoid Cartilages Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage |
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What is the triangular shaped cartilage structure that closes over the glottis (opening into the trachea) during swallowing.
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Epiglottis
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What open and close to create noise (phonation)?
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Arytenoid cartilages / Vocal cords!
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What is the condition caused by inflammation of the lungs produced by inhalation of foreign material?
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Aspiration Pneumonia
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What is the C-shaped cartilage rings with smooth muscle connecting the ends of the "C" dorsally called?
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Trachea
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What occurs in the lower respiratory tract?
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Gas exchange with the pulmonary circulation system at the alveolus.
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What are the five parts of the lower respiratory tract?
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Bronchi
Bronchial tree Bronchioles Alveolar Ducts Alveoli |
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What is the part of the lower respiratory system responsible for bronchoconstriction or dilation?
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Bronchioles
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Where does the air exchange system arranged in sacs take place?
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Alveolus (Alveoli-plueral)
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What is the disease causing the bronchial tree to become overly sensitive to certain irritants, more common in humans but also seen in cats?
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Asthma
Dyspnea and Cyanosis are signs. |
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What is the problem called in toy and miniature dogs and mini horses, defect in the spacing of the tracheal rings, breathing difficulty during excitement or exercise?
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Tracheal Collapse
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The lungs are divided into?
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Lobes!
left lung 2 lobes right lung 4 lobes. |
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What is the medial aspect of each lung where bronchi, blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and leave called? (Fastened in place)
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Hilus
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What happens during prolonged recumbency, collapsed lobes due to pneumothorax or prenatal lungs are wet and solid?
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Fluid accumulation - dependent lobes.
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What type of lungs have a solid consistency (like liver) and will not float in H2O because no air in alveoli.
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Fetal lungs
Alveoli do not expand until the first breath. After first breath, Surfactant will prevent expanded alveoli from closing again. |
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What type of lungs are light, spongy consistency and will float in H2O?
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Newborn lungs.
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Where does oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse back and forth across this thin layer?
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Alvelous!
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What is the stuff called which reduces surface tension and keeps alveoli from collapsing?
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Surfactant
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What does URI stand for?
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Upper Respiratory Infection
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An upper respiratory infection is normally caused by sinusitis, "Colds" and is generally?
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Generally, not life threatening because of drainage of excess mucous / fluid possible.
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What infection normally affects the lower respiratory tract?
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Bronchitis or Pneumonia
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Bronchitis or Pneumonia a lower respiratory tract infection is normally?
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More life threatening as fluids accumulate in dead end air passages and impead gas exchange.
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What is the area portion of the thorax in between the lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, blood vessels?
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Mediastinum
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What is the partial vacuum that exists within the thorax called?
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Negative Intra-thoracic Pressure
Allows the lungs to expand! |
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What is the term related to inhalation, occurs when the diaphragm and inter costal (rib) muscles change position to increase the size of the thoracic cavity?
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Inspiration
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What is the term related to exhalation, decreases the size of the thoracic cavity?
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Expiration
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What are the inspiratory muscles?
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Diaphragm
External Intercostal Muscles |
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What are the expiratory muscles?
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Internal Intercostal Muscles
Abdominal Muscles |
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Which is more passive? Inspiration or Expiration?
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Expiration is more passive.
But require more work during air-trapping diseases or heavy exercise. |
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How is GAS exchange possible?
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It is due to diffusion!
Molecules flow from high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. |
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What area of the brain controlls breathing?
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The Medulla Oblongata
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What are the two main types of respiratory controls?
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Mechanical and Chemical!
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The Chemical Respiratory Control monitors what?
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Blood pH and CO2 levels!
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What is it called when increased CO2 lowers pH below basal level?
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Respiratory acidosis!
When detected increases respiratory rate! |
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What is it called when decreased CO2 increases pH above basal level?
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Respiratory alkalosis!
When detected decreases respiratory rate! |
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What are a few things that can cause metabolic alkalosis or acidosis?
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Lactic acidosis from anaerobic metabolism.
Vomiting with loss of HCI from stomach. |
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What is a collapsed lungs called?
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Atelectasis
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What is air in pleural space called?
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Pneumothorax
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What is no breathing called?
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Apnea
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What is the amount of air inspired and expired in one breath called?
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Tidal Volume
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What is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration?
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Residual Volume
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What is the movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs called?
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Ventilation
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What is the movement of blood between the vessels and a tissue bed called?
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Perfusion
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What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood called?
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External Respiration
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What is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells called?
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Internal Respiration
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What is a protective relfex stimulated by irritation or foreign matter in the trachea or bronchi?
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Coughs!
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