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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Articulations
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Where two bones connect
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(Body movement occurs at joints)
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Joint Structure
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Determines direction and distance of movement
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(Range of motion)
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Two methods of classification?
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•Functional & Structural
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Functional Structure
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Range of motion of the joint
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Structural Classification
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The anatomical organization of the joint
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Functional Classifications:
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•Synarthrosis
•Amphiarthrosis •Diarthrosis |
There are 3
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Synarthrosis
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Immovable joint
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(No movement)
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Amphiarthrosis
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Slightly movable joint
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(Little movement)
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Diarthrosis
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Freely movable joint
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(More movement)
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Structural Classifications:
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•Bony
•Fibrous •Cartilage •Synovial |
There are 4
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List the 4 types of Synarthrosis:
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•Suture
•Gomphosis •Synchondrosis •Synostosis |
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Suture
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Bones interlocked
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Joint; found ONLY in skull
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Gomphosis
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Fibrous connection (periodontal ligament)
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-Binds teeth to sockets
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Synchondrosis
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Ridge cartilage between two bones
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•Epiphyseal cartilage of long bones
•Between vertebrosternal ribs and sternum |
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Synostosis
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Fused bones, immovable
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•Metopic suture of skull
•Epiphyseal lines of long bones |
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List the 2 types of Amphiarthroses:
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• Syndesmosis
•Symphysis |
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Syndesmosis
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Bones connected by ligaments
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Symphysis
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Bones separated by fibrous cartilage
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Luxation
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Dislocation
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Subluxation
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Parietal dislocation
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What are the components of a Synovial Joint?
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•Articular Cartilage
•Synovial Fluid •Accessory Structure |
There are 3
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Function of a Synovial Joint?
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To prevent injury by limiting range of motion
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Arthritis
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All forms of rheumatism that damages the Articular cartilage of the synovial joints
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Osteoarthritis
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Wear and tear on joints surfaces; or genetic factors affecting collagen formation
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Inflammation condition in the immune system
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Caused by infection, allergy, or autoimmune disease
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Gouty Arthritis
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Occurs when the crystals uricacid or calcium salts form within synovial fluid
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Herniated Disc
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Nucleus pulposus break through anulus fibrous
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Where is the periodontal ligament located?
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In the teeth (Gomphosis)
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Angular Motion Contains?
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•Flexion
•Extension •Hyperextension •Abduction •Adduction •Circumduction |
There are 6
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Flexion
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Reduces angle between elements
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Palm facing downward
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Extension
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Increases angle between elements
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Palm facing upward
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Hyperextension
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Extension past anatomical position
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Abduction
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Moves away from longitudinal axis
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Ex: Standing in anatomical position moved arm or leg away from the body
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Adduction
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Moves towards longitudinal axis
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Ex: Moving arms or legs towards the body
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Circumduction
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Circular motion without rotation
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Ex: Make a circle in the air
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Rotation Contains?
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•Pronation
•Supination |
There are 2
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Pronation
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Rotates forearm, radius over ulna
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Palms facing posterior to body
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Supination
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Forearm in anatomical position
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Palms facing anterior to body
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Special Movements Contain?
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•Inversion
•Eversion •Dorsiflexion •Plantar Flexion •Opposition •Protraction •Retraction •Elevation •Depression •Lateral Flexion |
There are 10
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Inversion
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Twist sole of the foot medially
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Eversion
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Twist sole of foot laterally
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Dorsiflexion
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Flexion at ankle (lifting toes)
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Ex: Pointing the toes toward the knee
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Plantar Flexion
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Extension at ankle (pointing toes)
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Ex: Pointing toes towards the floor
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Opposition
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Thumb movement toward fingers or palms (grasping)
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Ex: To force the neck back
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Protraction
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Moves anteriorly (Pushing Forward)
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Ex: To move the neck forward
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Retraction
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Moving anteriorly (Pulling back)
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Ex: To force the neck back
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Elevation
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Moves in superior direction
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Up
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Depression
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Moves in inferior direction
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Down
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Lateral Flexion
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Bends vertebral column from side to side
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Ex: Move your neck from left to right
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How do you explain to your grandmother the characteristics decrease in height with advancing age?
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The disc in the vertebra will flatten and cause a decrease in height.
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How are all the Osteoarthritis in the Rheumatoid arthritis different?
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The main difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is the cause behind the joint symptoms. Osteoarthritis is caused by mechanical wear and tear on joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system attacks the body's joints.
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