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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Skull Vertebral column Thoracic Cage |
3 Parts of the Axial Skeleton |
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Cervical (7 bones of neck) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5 lower back) |
Name different types of vertebrae |
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Importanace of intervertebral discs |
Cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks |
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Cranium Facial Bones |
Skull Composition (2) |
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Sutures |
Interlocking fibrous joints that join all the bones of the skull except for the mandible |
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External anatomy of the right lateral aspect of the skull (Sutures) |
Coronal suture Lambdoid suture Squamous Suture |
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External anatomy of the right lateral aspect of the skull (Bones) |
Parietal Bone Temporal Bone Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Sphenoid Bone Ethmoid Bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic Bone Maxilla Mandible |
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External anatomy of the right lateral aspect of the skull (Processes and depressions) |
Zygomatic process Mastoid process Styloid process Condylar process Coronoid process External acoustin meatus Mental foramen |
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Zygomatic Process |
Bridgelike projection that articulates with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch |
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External acoustic meatus |
Canal leading to the middle ear and eardrum |
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Styloid Process |
Needlelike projection that serves as an attachment point for ligaments and muscles of the neck |
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Jugular foramen |
Located where the petrous part of the temporal bone joins the occipital bone. Forms an opening which the jugular vein and cranial nerves pass. |
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Foramen lacerum |
Almost completely closed by cartilage in the living person but forms a jagged opening in dried skulls |
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Stylomastoid foramen |
Tiny opening between the mastoid and styloid processes through which cranial nerve leaves the cranium |
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Mastoid process |
Located posterior to the external acoustic meatus; serves as an attachment point for neck muscles |
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Inferior view of the skull, mandible removed (Bones) |
Hard palate (Maxilla, Palatine Bone) Temporal Bone (Zygomatic process) Temporal bone (Petrous part) Parietal Bone Maxilla Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Occipital Bone |
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Inferior view of the skull, mandible removed (Processes and Depressions) |
Maxilla (Palatine Process) Palatine Bone (Horizontal plate) Zygomatic process Styloid process Infraorbital foramen Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Carotid canal External acoustic meatus Stylomastoid Jugular foramen Inferior nuchal line Foramen magnum Mandibular fossa Mastoid process Occipital condyle |
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Internal anatomy of the inferior portion of the skull (Bones) |
Ethmoid bone (Cribriform plate, crista galli) Sphenoid (Lesser wing, greater wing) Temporal bone (petrous part) Parietal bone Occipital bone Frontal bone |
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Internal anatomy of the inferior portion of the skull (Depressions and Projections) |
Cribriform plate Crista galli Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Cribriform foramina (Olfactory) Optic Canal Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen lacerum Foramen spinosum |
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Foramen magnum |
Large opening in the base of the bone, which allows spinal cord to join with the brain stem |
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Occipital condyles |
Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (Atlas) |
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Sphenoid bone (Superior view) |
Optica canal Sella turcica Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Pterygoid process (Posterior view) |
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Pterygoid process |
Project inferiorly from the greater wings; attachment site for chewing muscles |
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Superior orbital fissures |
Slits in the orbits providing passage of cranial nerves that control eye movements |
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SELLA TURCICA (WILL DEF. BE ON TEST) |
"Turkish saddle" located on the superior surface of the body; seat of the saddle (hypophyseal fossa) holds the pituitary gland |
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Optic canals |
Openings in the base of the lesser wings; cranial nerve passes through to serve the eye |
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Foramen rotundum |
Openings located in the medial part of the greater wing; branch of the cranial nerve passes through |
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Foramen ovale |
Openings located posterolateral to the foramen rotundum; branch of cranial nerve passes through |
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Foramen spinosum |
Openings located posterolateral to the foramen spinosum; provides pasageway for the middle meningeal artery |
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Ethmoid Bone (Anterior View) |
Crista galli |
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Crista galli |
"Rooster's comb"; superior projection that attaches to the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull |
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Cribriform plactes |
Located lateral to the crista galli; form a portion of the roof of nasal cavity and floor of anterior cranial fossa |
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Orbital plates |
Lateral surface of the lateral masses that contribute to the medial wall of the orbits |
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Superior and middle nasal conchae |
Extend medially from the lateral masses; act as turbinates to improve airflow through the nasal cavity |
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Posterior view of the skull |
Parietal bone Temporal bone (mastoid process) Occipital bone Sagittal suture Lambdoid suture Occipital condyle |
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Maxilla Components |
Frontal process Palatine process Zygomatic process |
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Mandible Component |
Condylar processes Mental foramina Coronoid process Mandibular fossa of temporal bone |
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Anterior view of the skull (Bones) |
Parietal bone Nasal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Mandible Frontal bone |
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Anterior view of the skull (Depressions and projections) |
- Infraorbital foramen (Maxilla) - Mental foramen (Mandible) - Flabella (Frontal Bone) - Superior orbital fissure - Optic canal -Inferior orbital fissure - Middle nasal concha (Ethmoid bone) - Perpendicular plate (Ethmoid bone) - Inferior nasal concha - Vomer |
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Frontal Process |
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Infraorbital foramen |
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Palatine process |
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Zygomatic process |
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Condylar processes |
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Coronoid processes |
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Frontal view of Beauchene skull |
Parietal bone Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Frontal bone Ethmoid bone Nasal bones Mandible |
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Maxillary Sphenoid Ethmoid Frontal |
Four skull bones that contain paranasal sinuses |
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Hyoid Bone |
-Located in the throat above the larynx -Serve as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles -Horseshoe shaped with a body and two pairs of horns, or cornua |
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Vertebrae (24 single bones) Sacrum Cocyx |
Vertebral Column Composition (3) |
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Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis |
Types of Abnormal Spinal Curvatures |
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Body (centrum) Vertebral arch Vertebral (spinal) foramen Transverse processes Spinous process Superior and inferior articular processes Intervertebral foramina |
Structure of a Typical Vertebra (7) |
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Body (centrum) |
Rounded central portion of the vertebra, which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column. |
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Vertebral arch |
Composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represents the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body |
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Vertebral (spinal) foramen |
Opening enclosed by the body and vertebral arch; a passage way for the spinal cord |
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Transverse processes |
Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch |
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Spinous process |
Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch |
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Superior and inferior articular processes |
Pair projections lateral to the vertebral foramen that enable articulation with adjacent vertebrae. The superior articular processes typically face toward the spinous process (posteriorly), wherase the inferior articular processes face (anteriorly) away from the spinous process |
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7 (C1 through C7) |
How many cervical vertebrae? |
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Atlas and Axis |
First 2 Cervical vertebrae is called the |
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Atlas |
C1: Lacks a body, its lateral processes contain large concave depressions on their superior surfaces that receive the occipital condyles of the skull |
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Axis |
C2: Acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas. |
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C3-C6 Cervical Vertebrae |
- Vertebral foramen is triangular - Spinous process is short and often divided into two branches |
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C7 Most inferior part of Cervical Vertebrae |
- Spinous process is substantially longer than the other vertebrae (1-6) - Visible through the neck, it called the vertebra prominens |
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Cervical Vertebrae Characteristics |
- Transverse processes are wide, next to the body -Body is small and rectangular (viewed superiorly) - Spinous process is short, mostly branched - Transverse processes have transverse foramen going through them for the vertebral arteries to pass superiorly on their way to brain - Thus, these foramina are an indication of the ___________Vertebrae |
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12 (T1-T12) |
How many thoracic vertebrae? |
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Thoracic Vertebrae Characteristics |
- Larger body than the cervical vertebrae - Body is somewhat heart shaped - Two small costal facets on each side (one superior, one inferior) close to the origin of the vertebral arch for the ribs (except 11-12) - These vertebral foramen is oval or round - Spinous process is long, with a sharp downward hook - The more inferior it is, the less sharp and shorter the spinous process |
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5 (L1-L5) |
How many lumbar vertebrae? |
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Lumbar vertebrae characteristics |
-Triangular vertebral foramen - Massive kidney shaped bodies - Short, thick, hatchet shaped (when viewed laterally) spinous processes extending directly backward - Superior and anterior articular processes - Transverse processes are thin and tapered (viewed superiorly) |
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Sacrum |
- Composite bone formed from the fusion of five vertebrae - Superiorly articulates with L5, inferiorly it connects with coccyx - Alae articulate laterally with the hip bones - Forms posterior border of the pelvis - Four transverse ridges cross anterior part - Four sets of foramina on each side |
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Vertebral canal to the sacral canal to the sacral hiatus to the coccyx. |
How does the vertebral canal connect with the coccyx? (openings of the sacrum) |
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Coccyx |
- Formed from the fusion of 3 to 5 small irregularly shaped vertebrae -Trangular shaped tail bone - Attached to the sacrum by ligaments |
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Sternum Ribs Thoracic Vertebrae Costal cartilages |
Thoracic cage consists of? (4) |
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Sternum (Breastbone) |
- Typical flat bone, result of fusion of the manubrium, body and xiphoid process. - Attached to the first 7 pairs of ribs. |
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Manubrium |
- Most superior part of sternum, looks like the knot of a tie - Articulates with clavicle (collarbone) laterally |
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Jugular notch |
- The notch on top of manubrium |
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12 |
How many pairs of ribs form the walls of the thoracic cage? |
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True or vertebrostenal ribs |
- First 7 pairs of the ribs - Attach directly to the sternum by their own costal cartilages |
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False ribs |
- 8-12 rib pairs - Attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment |
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Vertebrochondral Ribs |
- 8-10 rib pairs - Have indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum via the costal cartilage of rib 7 |
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Floating or vertebral ribs |
- 10-12 rib pairs - Have no sternal attachment |
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Fetal Skull |
-Incompletely formed at birth and connected by fibrous membranes called fontanelles - These fontanelles allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during birth and also allow for brain growth |
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Fetal Skull Components |
- Frontal Bone (2) - Parietal Bone (2) - Occipital Bone (2) - Temporal Bone (2) - Maxilla - Mandible - Frontal Suture - Anterior Fontanelle - Posterior fontanelle - Sphenoidal fontanelle - Mastoid fontanelle |
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Frontal 2 Parietal 2 Temporal Occipital Zygomatic Sphenoid |
The 8 Cranial Bones (Some consist of 2) |
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Mandible |
With one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. |
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Occipital Parietal |
What bones are connected by the lambdoid suture? |
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Parietal Temporal |
What bones are connected by the squamous suture? |
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Make skull lighter Resonance chamber for speech |
2 possible functions of the sinuses |
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Eye Socket |
Orbit |
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Frontal Zygomatic Maxilla Lacrimal Ethmoid Sphenoid Palatine |
Bones that form the orbit (7) |
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Since it is in contact with all of the other cranial bones. |
Why can the sphenoid bone be called the keystone of the cranial floor? |
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fibrocartilage |
What kind of tissue compose the intervertebral discs? |