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305 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 Types of Joints |
Fibrous: bones joined by dense regular CT Cartilaginous: bones joined cartilage Synovial: most common and most movable type of joint, bones separated by a joint cavity. |
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Most moveable and least moveable types of synovial joints |
Least: Plane Joints Most: Ball and Socket |
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Condylar Joint |
Biaxial Movement ex) metacarpophalangeal joints, wrist joint |
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Saddle Joint |
Biaxial Movement ex) Carpometacarpal joints in thumbs |
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Ball-and-Socket Joint |
Multiaxial Movement ex) should and hip joints |
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Plane Joint |
No axial Movement (gliding only) ex) Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral bodies |
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Hinge Joint |
Uniaxial Joint ex) elbow joints, IP joints |
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Pivot Joint |
Uniaxial Movement ex) proximal radioulnar joints |
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Acromial end of clavicle |
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Shaft of clavicle |
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Sternal end of clavicle |
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What joint is this? |
Acromiolclavicular joint |
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Conoid Tubercle |
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Acromial End of clavicle |
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Sternal End of clavicle |
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Conoid tubercle of clavicle |
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Which end is the acromial and which end is the sternal? |
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Sternal End
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Name the highlighted structure |
Acromion |
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Bone name and orientation in the body (what view?) |
Scapula -- anterior view |
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Coracoid Process |
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Where is the suprascapular notch located? |
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Superior border of the scapula |
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Superior Angle of scapula |
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Medial border of scapula |
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Inferior angle of scapula |
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Subscapular Fossa |
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Glenoid Fossa |
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Infraglenoid tubercle |
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Lateral border of scapula |
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Identify the glenoid fossa |
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Identify the acromion |
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Identify the coracoid process |
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Name the bone and orientation |
Scapula -- posterior view |
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Supraspinous Fossa |
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Where is the Infraspinous Fossa? |
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What is the highlighted structure? |
Spine of the scapula |
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Coracoid Process |
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Supraspinous Fossa |
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Identify the bone and the orientation |
Humerus -- anterior view |
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Greater tubercle of the humerus |
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Intertubercular Sulcus of humerus |
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Lesser tubercle of humerus |
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Head of the humerus |
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Anatomical neck of the humerus |
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Surgical neck of the humerus |
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Deltoid Tuberosity |
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Trochlea |
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Capitulum |
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Radial Fossa |
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Coronoid Fossa |
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Medial Epicondyle |
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Lateral Epicondyle |
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Identify the: Greater Tubercle Intertubercular sulcus Lesser tubercle |
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Capitulum |
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Coronoid Fossa |
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Olecranon Fossa |
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Trochlea |
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Medial Epichondyle |
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Radial Groove of the humerus |
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Head of the humerus |
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greater tubercle |
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Medial Supracondylar Ridge |
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Lateral Supracondylar Ridge |
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Trochlea of humerus |
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Coronoid Process of the ulna |
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Head of the radius |
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Capitulum of the humerus |
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Coronoid Fossa |
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Radial Tuberosity |
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Olecranon Process of ulna |
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Head of the radius |
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What bone is the radius? Ulna? |
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Styloid Process of the ulna |
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Styloid Process of radius |
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Olecranon Process (ulna) |
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Trochlear notch (ulna) |
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Coronoid Process (ulna) |
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Radial notch (ulna) |
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Interosseous border (ulna) |
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Interosseous border (ulna) |
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Olecranon Process (ulna) |
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Radial notch (ulna) |
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Coronoid Process (ulna) |
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Trochlear notch (ulna) |
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Olecranon Process (ulna -posterior view) |
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Styloid process (ulna) - posterior view |
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Radial Tuberosity-- radius |
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Head of the radius |
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Interosseous border (radius) |
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Styloid Process (radius) |
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Ulnar Notch (radius) |
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Ulnar notch (radius) |
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Lunate |
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Scaphoid |
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Triquetrum |
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Capitate |
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Trapezoid |
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Trapezium |
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Hamate |
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Scaphoid |
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Capitate |
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Trapezoid |
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Hamate |
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Pisiform |
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Trapezium |
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Metacarpals |
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Proximal phalanges |
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Middle phalanges |
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Distal Phalanges |
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Sternoclavicular Joint -- connects manubrium and clavicle |
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What is labeled red? |
Sternoclavicular Ligament |
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Acromioclavicular Joint |
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Identify the Acromioclavicular ligament and the Coracoclavicular Ligament |
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Glenohumeral Joint |
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Glenoid Labrum |
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Scapulothoracic Joint |
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Pectoralis Major |
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Deltoid |
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Biceps Brachii |
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Brachioradialis - |
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Pectoralis Minor |
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Coracobrachialis |
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Short or long head of the biceps brachii? |
Long head |
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Latissimus Dorsi |
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Triceps brachii |
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Brachialis |
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Brachioradialis |
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Teres Major |
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Pectoralis Minor |
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Subclavius |
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Serratus Anterior (Under pec minor) |
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Latissimus Dorsi |
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Serratus Anterior |
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Trapezius |
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Rhomboid Major |
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Supraspinatus |
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Rhomboid Major |
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Rhomboid Minor |
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Levator Scapulae |
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Supraspinatus |
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What is the top arrow pointing to? |
Infraspinatus |
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What is the top arrow pointing to? |
Subscapularis |
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Teres minor |
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Prime Mover |
Muscle causing the action |
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Agonist |
Produces aspecific movement when it contracts-Also called aprime mover |
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Antagonist |
A muscle whoseaction opposes that of an agonist |
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Synergist |
A muscle that assists the agonist in performing itsaction |
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Isometric contraction |
Length is constant; tension is changing |
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Isotonic Contraction |
Tension is constant; length is changing a.Concentric contraction: Muscle isshorteningb.Eccentric contraction: Muscle is lengthening |
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Associated structures of: Acromial end of clavicle |
Articulates with the acromion process of the scapula |
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Associated structures of: Sternal end of clavicle |
Articulates with the sternum |
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Associated structures of: Conoid Tubercle |
Attachment site for the coracoclavicular ligament |
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Associated structures of: Glenoid Fossa |
Articulates with the head of the humerus |
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Associated structures of: Coracoid Process |
Attachment site for the coracobrachilalis, short head of biceps brachii, and pectoralis minor muscle; attachment for the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligaments |
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Associated structures of: Acromion Process |
Articulates with the clavicle, attachment for the middle part of the deltoid, acromioclavicular and coracoacromial ligaments |
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Associated structures of: Scapular Spine |
Separates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossa, attachment for the deltoid and trapezius muscles |
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Associated structures of: Medial border of the scapula |
Attachment for the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, and serratus anterior) |
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Associated structures of: Lateral Border of scapula |
Attachment for teres major and teres minor |
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Associated structures of: Inferior Angle of Scapula |
Attachment site for teres major muscle |
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Associated structures of: Subscapular Fossa |
Fossa on the anterior scapula that holds the subscapularis muscle |
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Associated structures of: Supraspinous Fossa |
Fossa on the posterior surface that holds the supraspinatus |
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Associated structures of: Infraspinous Fossa |
Fossa on the posterior surface that holds the infraspinatus |
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Associated structures of: Infraglenoid Tubercle (scapula) |
Attachment for the long head of the triceps |
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Associated structures of: Suprascapular Notch |
Passageway for the suprascapular nerve |
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Associated structures of: Deltoid Tuberosity |
Attachment for the deltoid muscle |
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Associated structures of: Lesser Tubercle of the humerus |
Attachment for the subscapularis muscle |
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Associated structures of: Greater tubercle |
Attachment for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor muscles |
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Associated structures of: Intertubercular sulcus |
Passageway for the tendon of the long head of the biceps; attachment for the latissimus dorsi muscle |
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Associated structures of: Radial Groove of humerus |
The radial nerve travels here on its course around the posterior aspect of the humerus |
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Associated structures of: Medial Epicondyle |
Attachment site for muscle of the anterior forearm (flexors and pronator teres) |
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Associated structures of: Lateral Epicondyle |
Attachment site for the muscles of the posterior forearm (extensors and supinator) |
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Associated structures of: Capitulum |
Articulates with the head of the radius |
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Associated structures of: Trochlea |
Articulates with the ulna |
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Associated structures of: Radial Fossa |
Space for radius during elbow flexion (humerus) |
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Associated structures of: Coronoid Fossa |
Space for the coronoid process of the ulna during elbow flexion |
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Associated structures of: Olecranon process |
Attachment for the triceps brachii (ulna) |
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Associated structures of: Radial notch of ulna |
Articulates with the head of the radius |
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Associated structures of: Styloid process of the ulna |
Attachment for a ligament of the wrist |
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Associated structures of: radial tuberosity |
Attachment for the biceps brachii tendon (on radius) |
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Associated structures of: Styloid Process of the radius |
Attachment site for the brachioradialist muscle and a ligament of the wrist |
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Humeroulnar Joint |
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Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) |
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Annular Ligament (humeroradial joint) |
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What is this artery and what does it branch into? |
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What does the axillary artery arise from? |
The subclavian artery |
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What does the brachial artery arise from? |
From the axillary artery! |
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What is the first artery to branch from the axillary artery? |
Superior Thoracic Artery |
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What arteries branch from the second part (under the pec minor) of the axillary artery? |
Thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic artery |
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Anterior Circumflex Artery |
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Posterior Circumflex artery |
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What arteries branch from the third part of the axillary artery? |
Anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery, and subscapular artery |
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What is this artery and what does it branch into? |
Subscapular artery 1) Thoracodorsal artery 2) Circumflex scapular artery |
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What does the axillary artery turn into? And when does this happen? |
Brachial artery -- at the level of the lower border of the teres major muscle |
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Axillary artery |
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Subclavian Artery |
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Brachial Artery |
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Thoracoacromial artery |
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What spinal segments make up the brachial plexus? |
C5-T1 |
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What forms the M shape of the brachial plexus? |
Terminal Branches -- anterior to the axillary artery |
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Identify the bottom arrow |
Tyrocervical Trunk - comes off Subclavian artery |
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Identify the artery (top left) |
Suprascapular artery - branches from tyrocervical (from subclavian) This artery runs posteriorly towards the scapula with the suprascapular nerve to supply the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. |
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What does the lateral thoracic artery supply? |
This artery branches from the second part of the axillary artery and runs with the long thoracic nerve to supply the lateral wall and the serratus anterior. |
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Deep Brachial Artery |
Branches from the brachial artery and runs posteriorly. |
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Flexor Retinaculum -- is a fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones of the hands, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel. |
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What is the fibrous sheath called? |
Extensor retinaculum - an anatomical term for the thickened part of the antebrachial fascia that holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place. |
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Hypothenar Eminence |
The hypothenar muscles are a group of three muscles of the palm that control the motion of the little finger. The three muscles are: Abductor digiti minimi,Flexor digiti minimi brevis,Opponens digiti minimi |
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Identify the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints |
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Intercarpal joints |
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What joint is this arthritis occurring at? |
CMC - Carpometacarpal joint |
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Where are the MP joints located? |
Metacarpophalngeal joints |
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Where are the PIP and DIP joints? What do these abbreviations stand for? |
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Trapezius - Actions, Innervation |
Super fibers: Elevate and superiorly rotate scapula Middle fibers: Retract scapula Inferior fibers: Depress scapula Innervated by: Accessory Nerve |
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Levator Scapulae -- Actions, Insertion, Innervation |
Elevates and inferiorly rotates scapula I: Superior medial border of scapula Innervated by Dorsal Scapular nerve |
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Rhomboid Major- Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Elevates, retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula Insertion: Medial border of scapula Innervated by Dorsal Scapular Nerve |
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Rhomboid Minor - Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Elevates, retracts, and inferiorly rotates scapula Insertion: Superior medial borer of scapula Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve |
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Pectoralis Minor- Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Protracts and depresses scapula I: Coracoid process of scapula Innervation: Medial Pectoral nerve |
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Serratus Anterior -- Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Protracts and superiorly rotates scapula; stabilizes scapula Insertion: Anterior medial border of scapula Innervated: Long thoracic nerve |
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Subclavius - Actions, Innervation |
Stabilizes and depresses the clavicle Innervated by nerve to subclavius |
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Latissimus Dorsi - Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates GH joint (swimmer's muscle) Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus Innervation: Thoracodorsal |
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Pectoralis Major - Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Arm flexion, adduct, and medially rotates GH joint Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus Innervation: Lateral pectoral and medial pectoral nerves |
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Deltoid -- Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Anterior fibers: flex and medially rotate GH joint Middle fibers: GH abduction Posterior Fibers: Extend and laterally rotates GH Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Innervation: Axillary Nerve |
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Coracobrachialis - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Adducts and flexes GH joint O: Coracoid process I: Middle medial shaft of humerus Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve |
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Teres Major - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Entends, adducts, and medially rotates GH joint O: Inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula I: Lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus Innervation: lower subscapular nerve |
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Triceps brachii on arm - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
Actions: Extends and adducts GH joint O: Infraglenoid Tubercle I: Olecranon process Innervation: Radial Nerve |
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Biceps Brachii on arm- Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
Actions: Flexes GH joint O: Supraglenoid Tubercle I: Radial tuberosity Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve |
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Subscapularis - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
Actions: Medially rotates GH joint, stabilizes the GH joint O: Subscapular fossa I: Lesser tubercle of humerus Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves |
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Supraspinatus - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
Action: Abducts GH joint, stabilizies the GH joint O: Supraspinous Fossa I: Greater tubercle of humerus Innervation: Suprascapular nerve |
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Infraspinatus - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
Actions: Adducts and laterally rotates GH joint, stabilizes the GH joint O: Infraspinous Fossa I: Greater tubercle of humerus Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve |
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Teres Minor - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
Actions: Adducts and laterally rotates GH joint, stabilizes the GH joint O: Superior lateral border of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerus Innervation: Axillary Nerve |
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What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm? |
Flexors and Pronators |
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What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm? |
Extensors and supinator (and Abductor pollicis longus) |
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Palmaris Longus -- weak wrist flexor, median nerve |
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Flexor carpi radialis - flexes wrist and abducts hand, median nerve |
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Flexor carpi ulnaris - flexes wrist and adducts hand, ulnar nerve |
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP joints and PIP joints, median nerve |
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus - flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP joints and PIP joints, median nerve (lateral 1/2) and ulnar nerve (medial 1/2) |
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Flexor Pollicis Longus - Flexes MP joint of thumb, IP joint of thumb median nerve |
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Pronator quadratus - Pronates forearm, median nerve |
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Extensor carpi ulnaris - extends wrist, adducts hand, radial nerve |
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Extensor digiti minimi - extends wrist, MP, and PIP joints of finger 5, radial nerve |
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Extensor digitorum - extends wrist, extends 2-5 MP, PIP, DIP joints, radial nerve |
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What two muscles is this showing? |
Extensor carpi radialis - extends wrist, abducts hand, radial nerve |
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Abductor Pollicis Longus - Abducts thumb, radial nerve |
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis - Extends MP joints of thumb, radial nerve |
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus - flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP joints and PIP joints, median nerve (lateral 1/2) and ulnar nerve (medial 1/2)
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Flexor Pollicis Longus - Flexes MP joint of thumb, IP joint of thumb median nerve
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Pronator Teres - Pronates forearm, median nerve |
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Pronator quadratus - Pronates forearm, median nerve |
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Extensor Carpi Radialis brevis - extends wrist, abducts hand, radial nerve |
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Extensor Digitorum - - extends wrist, extends 2-5 MP, PIP, DIP joints, radial nerve |
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Extensor Pollicis Longus - abducts thumb, radial nerve |
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Abductor Pollicis Brevis - median nerve |
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Flexor Pollicis Brevis- median nerve |
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Abductor digiti minimi - ulnar |
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Flexor digiti minimi brevis - ulnar |
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Lumbricals |
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Proper Digital Arteries |
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Common Digital Arteries |
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Superficial Palmar Arch |
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Basilic Vein |
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Cephalic Vein |
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Cephalic Vein |
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Median Cubital Vein |
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Median Nerve |
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Brachial Artery |
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Ulnar Artery |
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Radial Artery |
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Biceps Brachii on the forearm - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Flexes elbow, powerful supinator of forearm O: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) and coracoid process of scapula (short head) I: Radial tuberosity Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve |
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Brachilalis - Actions, Innervation |
A: Primary flexor of elbow Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve |
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Brachioradialis - Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Actions: Flexes elbow Insertion: Styloid process of radius Innervation: Radial Nerve |
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Triceps Brachii on forearm - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Primary extensor of the elbow O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna Innervation: Radial Nerve |
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Pronator teres - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Pronates forearm O: Medial epicondyle of humerus I: Lateral radius Innervation: median nerve |
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Flexor Carpi Radialis - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Flexes wrist and abducts hand O: Medial epicondyle I: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Innervation: Median Nerve |
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Palmaris Longus - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Weak wrist flexor O: Medial epicondyle I: Palmar apopneurosis Median Nerve |
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Flexes wrists and adducts hand O: Medial epicondyle I: Medial carpal and metacarpal bones Ulnar nerve |
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Actions, Origin, Insertions, Innervation |
Actions: Flexes Wrist, 2nd-5th MP and PIP O: Medial Epicondyle I: Middle phalanges of fingers 2-5 Median Nerve |
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Flexor Pollicis Longus: Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
A: Flexes MP Joint of thumb I: Distal phalanx of thumb Median Nerve |
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Actions, Insertions, Innervation |
Actions: Flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP, PIP and DIP I: Distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 Innervation: Median Nerve (lateral 1/2) and ulnar nerve (medial 1/2) |
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Pronator Quadratus - Actions, Innervation |
Pronates the forearm Innervated: Median Nerve |
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Actions, Innervation |
Extends wrist, abducts hand Radial Nerve |
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Actions, Origin, Innervation |
Actions: Extends wrist, abducts hand O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Radial Nerve |
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Extensor Digitorum - Actions, Origin, Innervation |
Actions: Extends wrist, extends 2-5 MP, PIP, DIP O: Lateral epicondyle Radial Nerve |
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Extensor Digiti minimi - Actions, Origin, Innervation |
Actions: Extends wrist, MP and PIP of digit 5 O: Lateral epicondyle Radial Nerve |
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Actions, Origin, Innervation |
A: Extends wrist, adducts hand O: Lateral epicondyle Radial Nerve |
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Abductor Pollicis Longus - Actions, Innervation |
ACtion: Abduct thumb Radial Nerve |
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis - Actions, Innervation |
Extends MP joint of thumb Radial Nerve |
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Extensor Pollicis Longus - Actions, Innervation |
Extends MP and IP joint of thumb Radial Nerve |
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Extensor indicis - Actions, Innervation |
Extends MP, PIP, DIP joints of finger 2 Radial Nerve |
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Supinator - Actions, Innervation |
Supinates forearm Radial Nerve |
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What muscles of the hand does the median nerve innervate? |
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Ulnar Nerve |
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Radial Nerve |
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Musculocutaneous Nerve |
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Dorsal Scapular Nerve: runs posteriorly to the rhomboids and levator scapulae |
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Name the nerve |
Suprascapular nerve: runs posteriorly towards the scapula. It runs through the suprascapular notch to reach the supraspinatus, then through the spine of the scapula to reach the infraspinatus |
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Lateral Pectoral Nerve: Approaches pectoralis major. |
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Medial brachial and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve |
Branch distally to the medial pectoral nerve of the medial cord. They run to the skin of the medial arm and forearm. It can be difficult to tell them apart. |
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Medial Pectoral Nerve |
The nerve is usually the first branch from the medial cord and it runs through the pectoralis minor. innervating it on its path to the pectoralis major. |
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Long Thoracic Nerve - runs tight to the thoracic wall and innervates the serratus anterior |
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Thoracodorsal Nerve |
This nerve runs just lateral to the long thoracic nerve on it's way to the latissimus dorsi muscle. |
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Name the three branches |
Subscapular: Subscapularis and teres major |
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Axillary Nerve: This nerve branches from the posterior cord and runs laterally toward the deltoid. |
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Radial: Runs on the posterior side of the arm Median: Middle nerve formed in the "M" Ulnar: Most medial branch, continue along the medial side of the arm and passes around the medial epicodyle of the humerus. |
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Musculocutaneous Nerve: The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the coracobrachialis muscle in the arm and then runs between the biceps brachii and the brachialis muscles. |