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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where two bones interconnect.
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articulations
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range of movement --> no movement.
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synarthrosis
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range of movement --> some movement.
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amphiarthrosis
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range of movement --> freely moveable.
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diarthrosis
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4 types of synarthrosis (immoveable) articulations
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suture, gomphosis,, synostosis, and synchondroses
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type of synarthrosis articulation, acticulating bones joined by a thin layer of dense connective tissure.
ex: between bones of the skull ONLY |
suture
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type of synarthrosis articulation, cone shaped peg fits into socket
ex: teeth in maxillary and mandible. |
gomphosis
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type of synarthrosis articulation, created by fusion of two bones; boundary between them disappears.
ex: formation of the epiphyseal line. |
synostsis
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type of synarthrosis articulation, connecting material is cartilage. Cartilage bridge between two bones.
ex: connects epiphysis with diaphysis in growing long bone. |
synchodroses
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these articulations, the bones are connected by collagen fibers or cartilage.
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amphiarthroses
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2 types of amphiarthroses (slightly moveable) articulations
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syndesmosis and symphysis
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type of amphiarthroses articulation, articulating bones joined by ligaments (dense connective tissue)
ex: btw. ulna and radius and btw. tibia and fibula. |
syndesmosis
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type of amphiarthroses articulation, articulating bones joined by fibrocartilage.
ex: intervertebral disc |
symphsis
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surrounds joints and is filled with synovial fluid.
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joint cavity
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thick fluid, rich in proteoglycan. lucrication, nutrient distribution, and shock absorption.
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synovial fluid
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covers joint; continuous with periosteum of bone.
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outer fibrous articular capsule
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4 types of accessory structures:
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cartilages and fat pads, accessory ligaments, tendons, and bursae
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2 kinds of cartilages and fat pads:
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meniscus and fat pads
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pad of fibrous cartilage between bones
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meniscus
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areas of fat covered by synovial membrane
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fat pads
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2 kinds of accessory ligaments:
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extracapsular and intracapsular
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ligaments located OUTSIDE joint capsule.
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extracapsular
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ligaments located INSIDE joint capsule.
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intracapsular
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may pass across or around joint. help to provide stability and support.
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tendons
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small fluid pockets in connective tissue. contain synovial fluid and are lined by a synovial membrane.
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bursae
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6 types of synovial joints:
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gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal or condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket.
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type of synovial joint: articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved --> nonaxial
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gliding
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type of synovial joint: ex. ends of clavicles, btw carpals; btw ribs 2-7 and sternum; btw. articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.
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gliding
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type of synovial joint: C-shaped surface of one bone swings about rounded surface of another bone --> monoaxial
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hinge
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type of synovial joint: ex. knee, elbow, ankle, intrerphalangeal joints
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hinge
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type of synovial joint: a ring of bone rotates about process of a bone --> monoaxial rotation
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pivot
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type of synovial joint: ex. atlas and axis; head of the radius and proximal shaft of the ulna
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pivot
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type of synovial joint: an oval condyle of one bone fits into a depression on another bone --> biaxial
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ellipsoidal or condyloid
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type of synovial joint: ex. radius with proximal carpals; phalanges with metacarpals, phalanges with metatarsals.
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ellipsoidal or condyloid
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type of synovial joint: resembles a saddle (concave in one direction/convex in other) --> biaxial
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saddle
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type of synovial joint: ex. carpometacarpal joint at base of thumbs (twiddling)
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saddle
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type of synovial joint: ball like head of one bone fits into cup shaped socket of another --> tiaxial
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ball-and-socket
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type of synovial joint: ex. shoulder and hip
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ball-and-socket
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angular motion: decreases angle between articulating bones in the anterior/posterior
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flexion
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angular motion: increase the angle between articulating bone in the anterior/posterior plane
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extension
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angular motion: continuation of extension beyond anatomical position (head/back)
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hyperextension
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angular motion: movement away from the midline
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abduction
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angular motion: movement toward the midline
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adduction
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angular motion: proximal ends remain stable, and distal end moves in a circle
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circumduction
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angular motion: movement of a bone around a long axis.
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rotation
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