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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bones and joints of pectoral girdle |
2 bones: scapula and clavicle 4 joints: sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, glenohumeral |
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More than 80% of clavicle fractures occur in the ________ of the clavicle. Why? |
Most fractures occur in the middle 1/3rd of clavicle because there is less muscle/tendon support --> weaker. Also, middle portion is more anterior than distal parts. |
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Inferior surface of clavicle A: acromial facet (articular surface) B: deltoid tubercle C: impression for costoclavicular ligament D: sternal end E: subclavian groove F: conoid tubercle G: trapezoid line |
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Acromial facet- articular surface |
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Deltoid tubercle |
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Impression for costoclavicular ligament |
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Sternal end |
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Subclavian groove |
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Conoid tubercle |
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trapezoid line |
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Shaft |
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Sternal Facet (articular surface) |
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Impression of pectoralis major |
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Deltoid tubercle |
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The classic MOI for a clavicle fracture is _____ |
A fall on an outstretched arm. |
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After a clavicle fracture, the ________ muscle elevates the ________ fragment of bone. |
After a clavicle fracture, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle elevates the medial fragment of bone |
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After a clavicle fracture, the weight of the upper limb forces the ________ to drop, because it's too much weight for the _______ muscle to hold alone. |
After a clavicle fracture, the weight of the upper limb causes the shoulder to drop because its too much weight for the trapezius to hold alone |
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After a clavicle fracture, the ________ is pulled medially by the _______ ________ muscle. |
The humerus is pulled medially by the pectoralis major. |
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Greater tuberosity |
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intertubercular groove |
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lesser tuberosity |
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A: head of humerus B: anatomical neck C: surgical neck |
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A: deltoid tuberosity B: crest of lesser tuberosity C: crest of greater tuberosity |
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Sternoclavicular joint involves which bones? |
Sternal end of clavicle + manubrium of sternum |
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The SC joint is a _______ joint with an _____ disc made of ____________ |
The SC joint is a synovial joint with an articular disc made of fibrocartilage |
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Ligaments of the SC joint? |
-interclavicular ligament -anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments -costoclavicular ligament |
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A- anterior sternoclavicular ligament B- interclavicular ligament C- costoclavicular ligament |
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Acromioclavicular (AC) joint involves which two bones? |
Acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula. |
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Ligaments of AC joint |
Acromioclavicular ligament Coracoclavicular ligament - trapezoid + conoid ligament |
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A: acromioclavicular ligament B: coracolavicular ligament C: trapezoid ligament D: conoid ligament |
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Shoulder separation is a problem of the ______________ joint. |
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint |
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T or F: the AC joint is strong |
FALSE. The AC joint is relatively weak. Most of the support comes from the coracoclavicular ligaments. |
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After separation of the shoulder, weight of the arm displaces the _____ from the _____ |
Clavicle from the acromion |
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Scapulothoracic joint- description of "joint" and muscles involved |
Not a true joint. The scapula glides on the smooth surface of CT between the serratus anterior and subscapularis muscles. |
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Articulation of the glenohumeral (GH) joint |
Head of humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula |
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All back muscles, except for intrinsic back muscles, are innervated by _________ |
Anterior rami (or cranial nerves) - |
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Superficial back muscles |
Trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboid - minor & major Latissimus dorsi |
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Trapezius - origins, insertions, innervation |
Origins: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, and C7-T12 spinous processes Insertions: Lateral clavicle, acromion, scapular spine Innervated by accessory nerve (CN XI) |
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Levator scapulae - origins, insertions, innervation |
Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4 Inserts into medial border of scapula, above spine (superior angle) Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve, C5 |
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Rhomboid major & minor - origins, insertions and innervation |
Origin: r. major from T2-T5 R. minor from C7-T1 Inserts on medial border of scapula Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve, C5 Retracting and downward rotation of scapula |
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Latissimus dorsi |
Origin: inferior angle of scapula, thoracolumbar fascia (T6-sacrum), iliac crest and last 3-4 ribs Inserts into intertubercular groove of humerus Innervated by thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8) extension of humerus, adduction, internal rotation |
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Other "scapula muscles" |
Serratus anterior Deltoid Teres major Pectoralis minor 4 rotator cuff muscles Function to move humerus |
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Serratus anterior |
Not really a back muscle, but is a primary mover for scapula
Origins: ribs 1-9 Attachment: medial border of scapula Innervated by long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) |
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Scapulohumeral rhythm - once the humerus is beyond ____ degrees, the scapula will rotate approx ___ degrees for every 2 degrees of humeral abduction |
Once the humerus is beyond 30 degrees, the scapula will rotate approx 1 degree for every 2 degrees of humeral abduction |
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Intermediate back muscles- names and innervation |
Innervated by segmental anterior rami of spinal nerves Serratus posterior superior Serratus posterior inferior |
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Serratus posterior superior - attachments and function |
Nuchal ligament and C7-T3 --> ribs 2-4 Elevates upper ribs |
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Serratus posterior inferior- attachments and function |
Origin- T11-L2 Insertion- ribs 8-12 Depresses lower ribs |