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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the principle of complementary?
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The principle of complementary is that the study of anatomy and physiology is inseparable. Function always reflects structure.
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Anatomy
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Anatomy is the study of structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
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Physiology
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Physiology is the study of function of the body.
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Name three main subclasses of the study of anatomy.
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Gross anatomy, developmental anatomy and microscopic anatomy
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Name some of the subdivisions of physiology.
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renal physiology, cardiovascular physiology and neurophysiology.
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What are cells?
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Cells are the smallest unit of living things.
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What are the 6 levels of structural organization?
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chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
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What are the 8 necessary life functions?
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maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction and growth
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Maintaining boundaries
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A necessary life function - internal environment must remain distinct from the external environment surrounding it
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Movement
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activities promoted by muscular system
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Responsiveness
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irritability - the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to it
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Digestion
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the breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that cam be absorbed into the blood
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Metabolism
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all chemical reactions that occur within body cells
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Excretion
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the process of removing wastes from the body
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Reproduction
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Cccurs at the cellular and organismal level - in cells, it is cell division. At the organismal level, it is the creation of a new human being.
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Growth
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increase in the size of a body part or the organism
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What are the functions of the integumentary system ?
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forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissues from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; site of cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc) receptors and sweat and oil glands
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What are the organs of the integumentary system?
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skin, hair and nails
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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
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protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals
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What are the organs of the skeletal system?
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bones and joints
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What are the functions of the muscular system?
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allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat
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What are the major organs of the muscular system?
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skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
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What are the functions of the nervous system?
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fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
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What are the organs of the nervous system?
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nerves, brain, spinal cord and sensory receptors
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What are the functions of the endocrine system?
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glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
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What are the organs of the endocrine system?
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pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis and ovary
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