Anatomy 201 Nursing

Front 1

The chamber of the heart with the thickest myocardium is the

Back 1

left ventricle

Front 2

The phase of heart contraction is called _________ ;

Back 2

systole

Front 3

the phase of relaxation is called _________ .

Back 3

diastole

Front 4

True or False:
The Frank-Starling law of the heart equalizes the output of the right and left ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulations.

Back 4

true

Front 5

What is the correct route of blood through the heart from the systemic circulation to the pulmonary circulation and back to the systemic circulation?

Back 5

right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve

Front 6

What is the correct pathway for conduction of an action potential through the heart?

Back 6

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Front 7

The external boundary between the atria and ventricles is the

Back 7

coronary sulcus.

Front 8

A softball player is found to have a resting cardiac output of 5.0 liters per minute and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. What is her stroke volume?

Back 8

100 mL

Front 9

Which of the following are true? (1) ANS regulation of heart rate originates in the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata. (2) Proprioceptor input is a major stimulus that accounts for the rapid rise in the heart rate at the onset of physical activity. (3) The vagus nerves release norepinephrine, causing the heart rate to increase. (4) Hormones from the adrenal medulla and the thyroid gland can increase the heart rate. (5) Hypothermia increases the heart rate.

Back 9

1, 2, and 4

Front 10

major branch from the ascending aorta; passes inferior to the left auricle

Back 10

left coronary artery

Front 11

major branch from the ascending aorta; lies inferior to the right auricle

Back 11

right coronary artery

Front 12

lies in the coronary sulcus; supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the left ventricle and left atrium

Back 12

circumflex branch

Front 13

drain the right ventricle and open directly into the right atrium

Back 13

anterior cardiac veins

Front 14

lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus; drains the walls of both ventricles and the left atrium

Back 14

great cardiac vein

Front 15

collects oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation

Back 15

left atrium

Front 16

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation

Back 16

right ventricle

Front 17

their contraction pulls on and tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing the valve cusps from everting

Back 17

papillary muscles

Front 18

cardiac muscle tissue

Back 18

myocardium

Front 19

increase blood-holding capacity of the atria

Back 19

auricles

Front 20

tendonlike cords connected to the atrioventricular valve cusps which, along with the papillary muscles, prevent valve eversion

Back 20

chordae tendineae

Front 21

the superficial dense irregular connective tissue covering of the heart

Back 21

fibrous pericardium

Front 22

outer layer of the serous pericardium; is fused to the fibrous pericardium

Back 22

parietal pericardium

Front 23

endothelial cells lining the interior of the heart; are continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels

Back 23

endocardium

Front 24

pumps oxygenated bloodto all body cells, except theair sacs of the lungs

Back 24

left ventricle

Front 25

prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium

Back 25

tricuspid valve

Front 26

collects deoxygenated bloodfrom the systemic circulation

Back 26

right atrium

Front 27

left atrioventricular valve

Back 27

bicuspid (mitral) valve

Front 28

blood vessels that pierce the heartmuscle and supply blood to the cardiac muscle fibers

Back 28

coronary circulation

Front 29

prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles

Back 29

semilunar valves

Front 30

the gap junction and desmosome connections between individual cardiac muscle fibers

Back 30

intercalated discs

Front 31

separate the upper and lower heart chambers, preventing backflow ofblood from the ventricles back into the atria

Back 31

atrioventricular valves

Front 32

inner visceral layer of the pericardium;adheres tightly to the surface of the heart

Back 32

epicardium

Front 33

amount of blood contained in the ventricles at the end of ventricular relaxation

Back 33

end-diastolic volume (EDV)

Front 34

amount of blood ejected per beat by each ventricle

Back 34

stroke volume

Front 35

amount of blood remaining in the ventricles following ventricular contraction

Back 35

end-systolic volume (ESV)

Front 36

difference between a person's maximum cardiac output and cardiac output at rest

Back 36

cardiac reserve

Front 37

period of time when semilunar valves are open and blood flows out of the ventricles

Back 37

ventricular ejection

Front 38

Pathway of the conduction system of the heart:

Back 38

SA node, AV node, AV bundle and bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Front 39

Route of a red blood cell supplying oxygen to myocardium of left atrium and returning to right atrium:

Back 39

Left coronary artery, Circumflex artery; Arteriole, capillary, and venule within myocardium; Branch of great cardiac vein ; Coronary sinus leading to right atrium

Front 40

Route of a red blood cell now in the right atrium:

Back 40

Right ventricle;Pulmonary artery; Pulmonary vein ;Left atrium; Left ventricle

Front 41

The average cardiac output for a resting adult is about _________ per minute.

Back 41

1.25 gallons (5 liters)

Front 42

When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure, what event occurs first?

Back 42

AV valves close

Front 43

The second heart sound is due to turbulence of blood flow as a result of what event?

Back 43

Semilunar valves closing

Front 44

Choose the false statement about heart structure.

(A) The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the left ventricle.

(B) The apex of the heart is more superior in location than the base.

(C) The heart has four chambers.

(D) The left ventricle forms the apex and most of the left border of the heart.

Back 44

(B) The apex of the heart is more superior in location than the base.

Front 45

Choose the false statement.

(A) Pressure within the atria is known as intraarterial pressure.

(B) During most of ventricular diastole the semilunar valves are closed.

(C) During most of ventricular systole the semilunar valves are open.

(D) Diastole is another name for relaxation of heart muscle.

Back 45

(A) Pressure within the atria is known as intraarterial pressure.

Front 46

Which of the following structures are located in ventricles?

(A) Papillary muscles

(B) Fossa ovalis

(C) Ligamentum arteriosum

(D) Pectinate muscles

Back 46

(A) Papillary muscles

Front 47

The heart is composed mostly of:

Back 47

Muscle

Front 48

T F The pulmonary artery carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Back 48

False
Veins carry

Front 49

T F At the point when intraarterial (aortic) pressure surpasses ventricular pressure, semilunar valves open.

Back 49

False
Close

Front 50

T F The blood in the left chambers of the heart contains higher oxygen content than blood in the right chambers

Back 50

True

Front 51

T F During about half of the cardiac cycle, atria and ventricles are contracting simultaneously.

Back 51

False
No part

Front 52

(19) T F The normal cardiac cycle does not require direct stimulation by the autonomic nervous system.

Back 52

True

Front 53

Most ventricular filling occurs during atrial _________ .

Back 53

Diastole

Front 54

An ECG is a recording of _________ of the heart.

Back 54

Electrical changes or currents that precede myocardial contractions

Front 55

is a term that means abnormality or irregularity of heart rhythm.

Back 55

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia

Front 56

Are atrioventricular and semilunar valves ever open at the same time during the cardiac cycle?

Back 56

No

Front 57

The _________ reflex helps maintain normal blood pressure in the brain; the _________ reflex governs general systemic blood pressure.

Back 57

carotid sinus
aortic

Front 58

Which of the following are not true? (1) Muscular arteries are also known as conducting arteries. (2) Capillaries play a key role in regulating resistance. (3) The flow of blood through true capillaries is controlled by precapillary sphincters. (4) The lumen of an artery is larger than in a comparable vein. (5) Elastic arteries help propel blood. (6) The tunica media of arteries is thicker than the tunica media of veins.

Back 58

1, 2, and 4

Front 59

The most important method of capillary exchange is simple diffusion.

Back 59

True

Front 60

Which of the following would not increase vascular resistance? (1) vasodilation, (2) polycythemia, (3) obesity, (4) dehydration, (5) anemia.

Back 60

1 vasodilation and 5 anemia

Front 61

Capillary exchange is enhanced by (1) the slow rate of flow through the capillaries, (2) a small cross-sectional area, (3) the thinness of capillary walls, (4) the respiratory pump, (5) extensive branching, which increases the surface area.

Back 61

1, 3, and 5

Front 62

Systemic vascular resistance depends on which of the following factors? (1) blood viscosity, (2) total blood vessel length, (3) size of the lumen, (4) type of blood vessel, (5) oxygen concentration of the blood.

Back 62

1, 2, and 3

Front 63

main blood supply to arm; commonly used to measure blood pressure

Back 63

brachial artery

Front 64

drain oxygenated blood from the lungs and send it to the left atrium

Back 64

pulmonary veins

Front 65

supply blood to the brain

Back 65

carotid arteries

Front 66

drain blood from the head

Back 66

jugular veins

Front 67

supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and pancreas

Back 67

celiac trunk

Front 68

supply blood to the brain

Back 68

carotid arteries

Front 69

carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Back 69

pulmonary arteries

Front 70

_________ a traveling pressure wave created by the alternate expansion and recoil of elastic arteries after each systole of the left ventricle

Back 70

pulse

Front 71

the lowest blood pressure in arteries during ventricular relaxation

Back 71

diastolic blood pressure

Front 72

a slow resting heart rate or pulse rate

Back 72

bradycardia

Front 73

the highest force with which blood pushes against arterial walls as a result of ventricular contraction

Back 73

systolic blood pressure

Front 74

Choose the false statement.

(A) Arteries contain valves, but veins do not.

(B) Decrease in the size of the lumen of a blood vessel by contraction of smooth muscle is called vasoconstriction.

(C) Most capillary exchange occurs by simple diffusion.

(D) Sinusoids are wider and more tortuous (winding) than capillaries.

Back 74

(A) Arteries contain valves, but veins do not.

Front 75

Choose the false statement.

(A) Cool, clammy skin is a sign of shock that results from sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels and sweat glands.

(B) Nicotine is a vasodilator that helps control hypertension.

(C) Orthostatic hypotension refers to a sudden, dramatic drop in blood pressure upon standing or sitting up straight.

(D) Most hypertension is primary since it has no identifiable cause.

Back 75

(B) Nicotine is a vasodilator that helps control hypertension

Front 76

Choose the false statement.

(A) The vessels that act as the major regulators of blood pressure are arterioles.

(B) The only blood vessels that carry out exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and wastes are capillaries.

(C) Blood in the umbilical artery is normally more highly oxygenated than blood in the umbilical vein.

(D) At any given moment more than 50% of the blood in the body is in the veins.

Back 76

C) Blood in the umbilical artery is normally more highly oxygenated than blood in the umbilical vein.

Front 77

Route of a drop of blood from the right side of the heart to the left side of the heart:

Back 77

Pulmonary artery
Arterioles in lungs
Capillaries in lungs
Venules and veins in lungs

Front 78

Layers of blood vessels, from most superficial to deepest:

Back 78

Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica interna

Front 79

Blood pressure in vessels, from highest to lowest:

Back 79

Aorta and other arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules and veins

Front 80

Total cross-sectional areas of vessels, from lowest: to highest

Back 80

Capillaries
Venules and veins
Arterioles
Aorta and other arteries

Front 81

Velocity of blood in vessels, from highest to lowest:

Back 81

Aorta and other arteries Arterioles
Venules and veins
Capillaries