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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sulfolobus
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*It belongs to the archea domain.
*Sulfolobus species grow in volcanic springs with optimal growth occurring at pH 2-3 and temperatures of 75-80 °C, making them acidophiles and thermophiles respectively. *Sulfolobus cells are irregularly shaped and flagellar. *histone like proteins |
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Halobacterium salinarum
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*high light, low O2 and use proton motor force
*bacteriorhodopsin *keeps osmolarity by changing proteins *histone like proteins *prefers 1.5 to 4 molar salt solution *archea |
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Methanobacterium
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*CH4 producers (bacteria don't do this)
*Chemoautotroph *G- *anaerobic *histone like proteins *lives in dumps and cow guts |
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Thermoplasma acidophilus
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*lacks cell wall
*pleomorphic (amorphis) shape *histone like proteins *Found in coal mines and contributes to acid mine drainage. *thermoacidphile *archea |
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Pyrococcus furiosis
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*Its optimal growth temperature is 100 degrees C, so its enzymes are extremely thermo-stable.
*lipid monolayer *found by volcanic vents |
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Rhizobium melliloti
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*Fixes nitrogen in a symbiotic relationship with legume roots.
*Forms nodules on roots *Nitrogenase (very sensitive O2) *In general, they are Gram-negative, motile, non-sporulating rods |
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Caulobacter crecentus
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*oligotrophic
*changes shape to increase surface area *prostheca |
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Hyphomicrobium
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*oligotrophic
*changes shape to increase surface area *prostheca |
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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*obligate intracellular parasite - most like Eukaryota
*small genome *no ATP synthase *imports amino acids and ATP for host *transmitted by ticks which cause "Rocky Mountain spotted fever " |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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*Diplococci (found in pairs)
*G- *STD *Able to switch serotypes (antigens) |
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Chromatium vinosum
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*Purple sulfur bacteria
*Photosynthetic *Sulfur reducing bacteria *Forms intracellular sulfur granule deposits |
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Bordatella pertussis
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*Gram-negative
*aerobic *coccobacillus capsulate *Whooping Cough |
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Vibro parahaemolyticus (&cholerae)
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*Gram-negative
*bacterium *halo bacteria *facultatively aerobic *grows in shell fish and can cause food poisoning *Type III secretion system |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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*Gram-negative
*aerobic *An opportunistic human pathogen |
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Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
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*G- organism
*Parasite of G- *Uses flagellum to invade host bacteria cell *Multiplies within cell and lysis host |
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Yersinia pestis
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*Gram-negative
*rod-shaped bacterium *a facultative anaerobe *native host are rodents *spread by arthropods (fleas) *notorious for bubonic plague |
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Myxococcus xanthus
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*can be found almost ubiquitously in soil, are thin rod shaped, gram-negative cells that exhibit self-organizing behavior as a response to environmental cues.
*prostheca - vegetative structure *Produces degragative enzymes. *Desication resistant, wind spreads spores. * Makes special structures with carotenoids to protect spores. *large genome |
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Helicobacter pylori
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*Very tolerant of low pH (1-2) but prefers higher pH
*forms biofilms *Ureases production creates ammonia which is toxic to epithelial cells of human host. *senses pH differences (higher in epithelia cells) via chemotaxis and produces degregative enzymes to burrow into the lining of the stomach. *Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach. |
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Lactococcus Lactis
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*Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese.
*Fermentation of glucose to latic acid. Keeps other bacteria out. *good probiotic |
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Clostridium botulinium
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is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that produces several toxins. The best known are its neurotoxins, subdivided in types A-G, that cause the flaccid muscular paralysis seen in botulism.
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Clostridium tetani
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*gram positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium
* is the causative agent of tetanus, a disease characterized by painful muscular spasms that can lead to respiratory failure and, in up to 40% of cases, death. *exotoxins |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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*Gram-positive, nonspore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.
*actin based motility *foodborne bacterial pathogen *flu and fever like symptoms in immunocompromised |
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Bacillus anthracis
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*It is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium
*the pathogen of the anthrax acute disease. * desiccation resistant spore makes it an ideal weapon. *produces several powerful toxins *common in soil. *common in wool thread production in days of yore. *makes special enzymes to acquire iron from host |
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Bacillus anthracis
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*It is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium
*the pathogen of the anthrax acute disease. * desiccation resistant spore makes it an ideal weapon. *produces several powerful toxins *common in soil. *common in wool thread production in days of yore. *makes special enzymes to acquire iron from host |
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Streptomyces sp.
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*The genus Streptomyces includes aerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria which produce well developed vegetative hyphae.
*produces a wide variety of antibiotics |
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Mycobaterium
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*Mycobacteria are aerobic and nonmotile bacteria that are characteristically acid-fast.[1] Mycobacteria do not contain endospores or capsules and are usually considered Gram-positive.
*All Mycobacterium species share a characteristic cell wall, thicker than in many other bacteria, which is hydrophobic, waxy, and rich in mycolic acids/mycolates. The cell wall consists of the hydrophobic mycolate layer and a peptidoglycan layer *long air time after coughed increases its virulence |
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Mycobaterium leprae
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*mostly found in warm tropical countries, is a bacterium that causes leprosy
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Mycobaterium tuberculosis
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*is a pathogenic bacterial species in the genus Mycobacterium and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis (TB)
*thought to evolve from a bovine species at the time of domestication of cattle |
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Deinococcus radiodurans
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*It is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, desiccation, and oxidizing and electrophilic agents.
*found on meat after radiation, but does not cause harmful effects to humans *g+ |
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Chlorobium limiocola
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a genus of green sulfur bacteria. They are photolithotrophic oxidizers of sulfur and most notably utilise a noncyclic electron transport chain to reduce NAD+. Hydrogen sulfide is used as an electron source and carbon dioxide its carbon source.[
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
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*a pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria
*a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria *aerobic |
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Agraobacterium tumefuciens
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*the causal agent of crown gall disease
*t is a rod shaped, Gram negative soil bacterium *uncontrolled growth due to over expression of auxin. *Uses Type III secretion system to inject the a plasmid *used in plant genetics. |
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Thermotoga maritima
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*a non-sporulating, rod shaped, gram-negative bacterium.
*When viewed under a microscope, it can be seen to be encased in a sheath-like envelope which resembles a toga, hence the "toga" in its name *known to grow at this high a temperature; the only other organisms known to live in environments this extreme are members of the domain Archaea. *hyperthermophilic *chemoheteroph |
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Aquifex pyrophilus
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*oldest related organism to Archea.
*G- *grows best in water between 85 to 95 °C, and can be found near underwater volcanoes or hot springs. It typically uses oxygen in its respiration, producing water as a byproduct, thus leading to the name meaning "water-maker. |
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Anabaena variabilis
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*forms hetrocysts when in low N2 condtions and eliminates its PS1. Produces nitrogenase to fix N2 and grows in absence of O2 due to nitrogenase being sensitive to O2
*forms spores called akinetes *G- |
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Treponema palidium
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*causative agent in syphillus
*spirochete shape *STD |
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Borrelia burgcloferi
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* causative agent in lyme disease
* hypersensitizes the immune system over time if not treated. *Produces autoimmune diseases like arthritis. * innocuous species are used by protozoans as drivers. lol |
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Staphylococcus aureus
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bacterial species named from meaning the "golden grape-cluster berry".
*it is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. * It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. |
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Streptococccus pyogenes
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*a spherical, Gram-positive bacterium
*group A antigen on its cell wall. typically produces large zones of beta-hemolysis (the complete disruption of erythrocytes and the release of hemoglobin) when cultured on blood agar plates, *group A infection (beta-hemolytic) |
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Aquifex pyrophilius
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*G-
*micro-areophile *hyperthermophyle (85C) *Chemolithoautotroph (oxidizes H2 and thiosulfate e- donors) *small genome * |