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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
name a nonselective irreversible alpha blocker
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phenoxybenzamine
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name a nonselective reversible alpha blocker
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phentolamine
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what is the mechanism of phenoxybenzamine
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nonselective irreversible alpha blocker
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what is the mechanism of phentolamine
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nonselective reversible alpha blocker
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what are phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine used for
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pheochromocytoma
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what are the side effects of nonselective alpha blockers
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orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
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name 3 alpha-1 selective adrenergic blockers
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prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
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what is the mechanism of prazosin
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alpha-1 selective adrenergic blocker
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what is the mechanism of terazosin
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alpha-1 selective adrenergic blocker
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what is the mechanism of doxazosin
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alpha-1 selective adrenergic blocker
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what are alpha-1 selective adrenergic alpha blockers used for
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hypertension, urinary retention in BPH
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what are the side effects of alpha-1 blockers
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orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
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what is prazosin used for?
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hypertension, urinary retention in BPH
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what drugs have the same action as prazosin
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terazosin, doxazosin
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what are the side effects of terazosin?
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orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
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what selective alpha blockers cause orthostatic hypotension
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phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, terazosin, prazosin, doxazosin
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name an alpha-2 selective adrenergic blocker
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yohimbine
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what is yohimbine used for
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impotence (effectiveness controversial)
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what alpha blockers are used to treat pheochromocytoma
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phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine
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name some beta-blockers
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propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, nadolol, timolol, pindolol, esmolol, labetalol
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what is the mechanism of propanolol
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nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker
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what is the mechanism of metoprolol
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selective beta-1 blocker
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what is the mechanism of esmolol
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selective beta-1 blocker
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what is the mechanism of pindolol
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non selective beta-adrenergic blocker (partial agonist)
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what are beta-blockers used to treat
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hypertension, angina, MI, SVT, CHF, glaucoma
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how do beta blockers treat hypertension
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decrease cardiac output, decrease renin secretion
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how do beta blockers treat angina
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decrease heart rate, decrease cardiac contractility, decreased O2 consumption
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why are beta blockers used to treat MI
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decrease MI mortality
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which beta blockers are used to treat SVT
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propanolol, esmolol
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how do propanolol and esmolol treat SVT
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decrease AV conduction velocity
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how do beta blockers treat CHF
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slow progression of chronic failure
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which beta blocker is used to treat glaucoma
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timolol betaxolol carteolol
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what is timolol used to treat glaucoma
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decrease secretion of aqueous humor
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what are the toxic effects of beta blockers
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impotence, exacerbation of asthma, caution in diabetes
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what are the cardiovascular toxic effects of beta blockers
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bradychardia, AV block, CHF
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what are the CNS adverse effects of beta blockers
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sedation, sleep alterations
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which beta blockers are beta-1 selective
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acebutolol, betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol (A BEAM of beta-1 blockers)
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which beta-1 blocker is short-acting
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esmolol
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which beta blockers are non-selective
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propanolol, timolol, pindolol, nadolol, labetalol
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which beta blocker also blocks alpha receptors
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labetalol (all others are spelled "olol")
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which alpha agonists are used to treat glaucoma
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epinephrine, brimonidine
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which beta blockers are used to treat glaucoma
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timolol, betaxolol, carteolol
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which cholinomimetics are used to treat glaucoma
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pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate
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which diuretics are used to treat glaucoma
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acetazolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide
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which prostaglandin is used to treat glaucoma
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latanoprost
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what classes of drugs are used to treat glaucoma
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alpha agonists, beta blockers, cholinomimetics, diuretics, prostaglandins (*mnemonic -- treating glaucoma is easy as ABCD)
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what is the effect of epinephrine in glaucoma
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increase outflow of aqueous humor
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what are the side effects of epinephrine treatment in glaucoma
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mydriasis, stinging
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what glaucoma should epinephrine NOT be used for
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closed-angle glaucoma
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what is the effect of brimonidine in glaucoma
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decreased aqueous humor synthesis
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what are the side effects of brimonidine treatment in glaucoma
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no pupillary or vision changes
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what is the effect of beta-blocker treatment in glaucoma
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decrease aqueous humor secretion
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what are the side effects of beta blocker treatment in glauzoma
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no pupillary or vision changes
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what is the effect of cholinomimetics in glaucoma
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ciliary muscle contraction, opening of trabecular meshwork, increase outflow of aqueous humor
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what are the side effects of cholinomimetics in glaucoma
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miosis, cyclospasm
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what is the effect of diuretic treatment in glaucoma
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inhibition of carbonic anhydrase --> decrease HCO3 secretion --> decrease aqueous humor secretion
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what are the side effects of diuretics in glaucoma
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no pupillary or vision changes
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what is the effect of prostaglandin (latanoprost) treatment in glaucoma
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increase outflow of aqueous humor
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what is the side effect of prostaglandin treatment in glaucoma
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darkens color of iris (browning)
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which drugs used to treat glaucoma increase outflow of aqueous humor
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cholinomimetics, prostaglandin, epinephrine
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can you use epinephrine in closed-angle glaucoma
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NO
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brimonidine is used to treat what eye disease
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glaucoma
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what kind of drug is latanoprost
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prostaglandin
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latanoprost is used to treat what eye disease
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glaucoma
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which glaucoma drugs decrease aqueous secretion
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beta blockers, diuretics
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