Acsm Chapter 1

Front 1

Lower Respitory System

Back 1

Trachea, Lungs (Bronchi, Bronchioles, Aveoli)
The Trachea is where the air enters from the upper respitory system and it protects, maintains and supports and open airway.

Front 2

Upper Respitory System

Back 2

Consists of The nose, Nasal cavity, Paranasal Sinus, Pharynx, Larynx. Glottis
Air enters the nose,nasal cavity, paranasal sinus the Pharynx,Larynx and then the Glottis.

Front 3

Collagen

Back 3

Comprise much of the Connective tissue in the joints.

Front 4

Muscle ( Skeletal)

Back 4

Moves bony levers of the skeletal system, enabling movement, mobility of the body.
Most abundant type of muscle in the body 50%.
Composed of individual cells called (myocytes or myofibers)

Front 5

Tendon (Epimysium)

Back 5

Epimysium converges at the end of the muscle to form the tendon that attaches muscle to bone

Front 6

Perimysium

Back 6

A layer of tissue that encases Fasciculus

Front 7

Endomysium

Back 7

The inner layer that surronds each muscle fiber

Front 8

Bone

Back 8

1) Is an Osseous tissue.
2) Protects organs and tissues of the body
3) Provides storage for calcium salts
4) Produces blood cells

Front 9

Myosin and Actin

Back 9

Contractile Protien

Front 10

Fascicle

Back 10

Muscle compartments

Front 11

Myofibril

Back 11

Contain myofiliments, which consist of contractile proteins Myosin and Actin.

Front 12

Muscle Fiber

Back 12

Skeletal muscle is made up of components of Muscle fibers.
Muscle Fibers are composed of cells ( Myofibrils) and Myofibrils composed of Myosin and actin.
The Term Muscle refers to multiple muscle bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue

Front 13

Short Bone

Back 13

Cuboidal in shape
(e.g. Bones of the wrist and ankle)

Front 14

Long Bones

Back 14

Consists of a central cylindrical shaft, or Diaphysis, with an epiphysis at each end.
(e.g. Femur)

Front 15

Flat Bone

Back 15

Are thin and broad ( skull, ribs and scapulae)

Front 16

Irregular bone

Back 16

Have mixed shapes that do not fit easily into any category

Front 17

Circumduction

Back 17

Is a combination of Flexion, extension,abduction, and adduction. The segment moving in circumduction describes a cone.

Front 18

Rotation

Back 18

Is a movement around a longitudinal axis and in the Transverse plane. either toward the midline( internal) or away from the midline (external)

Front 19

Flexion

Back 19

Is the movement that decreases the joint angle. It occurs in a sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis

Front 20

Extension

Back 20

A movement opposite of Flexion.
It increases the joint angle and it occurs in a sagittal plane around the mediolateral axis.

Front 21

Biceps Femoris

Back 21

Flexion of the knee

Front 22

Biceps Brachii

Back 22

Flexion of the elbow

Front 23

Quadriceps Femoris ( Rectus Femoris)

Back 23

Extension of the knee

Front 24

Gastrocnemius

Back 24

Extension of the ankle
Plantar flexion

Front 25

Subscapularis

Back 25

Medial Rotation of the Shoulder Joint

Front 26

Teres Major

Back 26

Adduction, Extension, Horizontal Extension,Hyper Extension and Medial Rotaion of the Shoulder Joint

Front 27

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 27

Adduction,Extension,Horizontal Extension,Hyper Extension and Medial Rotation of the Shoulder Joint.

Front 28

Teres Minor

Back 28

Lateral Rotation of the Shoulder Joint

Front 29

Cartilidge

Back 29

Hyaline. Supporting Connective tissue. Dense ground substance, with very closely packed fibers.

Front 30

Bicuspid Valve

Back 30

Left AV Valve (AKA The Mitral Valve).
Recieves Oxygenated Blood from the Left Atrium and the Left Ventricle

Front 31

Tricuspid Valve

Back 31

Right AV Valve.
Recieves Oxygenated Blood from the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle

Front 32

Pulmonic Valve

Back 32

Recives unoxgenated blood from right ventricle then
to the Pulmonary Artery.

Front 33

Aortic Valve

Back 33

Recieves Oxygenated Blood from the Left Ventricle and blood moves through the Aortic Valve to the Aorta.

Front 34

Ankle Joint

Back 34

Gliding Joint
Subtalar
Inversion and Eversion

Front 35

Elbow Joint
Knee Joint

Back 35

Hinge Joint
Flexion and Extension in one (talocrural) plane

Front 36

Hip Joint
Shoulder Joint

Back 36

Ball & Socket Joint
Circumduction,Rotation,
and Angular planes.

Front 37

Wrist Joint

Back 37

Condyloid ( Radial Carpal)
Circumduction,Abduction,Adduction, Flexion and Extension

Front 38

(COG) Center of Gravity

Back 38

A) Is a point of exact center around which a body freely rotates
B) Is the point around which body weight is equal on all sides

Front 39

(BOS) Base of Support

Back 39

Is the area of contact between the body and the supporting surface.

Front 40

Torque

Back 40

The ability of any force to cause rotation of a lever

Front 41

Stability

Back 41

1) Is the firmness of balance.
2) The center of gravity(COG) must fall with in the Base of Support(BOS)
3) Increased Stability occurs when
(COG) is closer to the (BOS)

Front 42

Balance

Back 42

Is maintained when the (COG) remains over the (BOS)

Front 43

Which of the following is a standard site for the measurment of Skin Folds?
a) Medial Thigh
b) Biceps
c) Infrailiac
d) Forearm

Back 43

The answer is Biceps.
All standard sites are:
Abdominal,Triceps,Biceps,Chest, Medial Calf,Mid Axillary, Subscapular,Suprailiac and Thigh at the anterior mid line of the thigh.

Front 44

Which of the following is a standard site for the measurment of circumferences?
a) Abdomen
b) Neck
c) Wrist
d) Ankle

Back 44

The Answer is (a) Abdomen
All sites for Measurementsof circumference are:
Abdomen, Calf, Forearm,Hips, Arm, Waist and Thigh

Front 45

Blood flows from the peripheral anatomy to the heart through the Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae into which of the follwing chambers:
a) Right Atrium
b) Left Atrium
c) Right Ventricle
d) Left Ventricle

Back 45

A) Right Atrium

Front 46

Capillary

Back 46

Vessels composed of one cell layer that functions to exchange nutrients and waste materials between the blood and the tissues

Front 47

Arteriole

Back 47

Recieves oxgenated blood from arteries. Branches off from arteries and gives rise to 2-5 capillaries.

Front 48

Venule

Back 48

recieves blood from Capillaries then Carries deoxgenated blood to veins and back toward the heart.

Front 49

Vein

Back 49

Medium Veins. Large Veins (The Two Venae Cavae)
Carry Deoxygenated blood back toward the heart.

Front 50

Newton's Law of Inertia

Back 50

A body will remain in it's state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by an external force.

Front 51

Newton's Law of Acceleration

Back 51

The acceleration of a body resulting from an applied force will be proportional to the magnitude of the applied force,in the direction of the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
a=F/m
Where:
F= force
m= mass
a= accelleration

Front 52

Newton's Law of Reaction

Back 52

When two bodies interact,the force exerted by the first body on the second is met by an equal and opposite force exerted by the second body by the first.
( For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction)

Front 53

Why does running require greater muscle strength than walking?

Back 53

Greater Muscle Strength- because of many muscle contracting more rapidly and with greater force

Front 54

Who first described that a body immersed in fluid is bouyed up with a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid?

Back 54

Hydrostatic Weighing
Archimedes Priciple.

Front 55

Which of the following bones articulates proximally with the sternal manubrium and distally with scapula and is helpful to palpate in electrode placement?
a) Scapula
b) Sternum
c) Clavicle
d) 12th Rib

Back 55

c) Clavicle

Front 56

In reguard to lifting and proper body mechanics, what position is described when the knees are slightly flexed and the body is bent forward from the hips with the back remainingstraight and the chest and head up?
a) Ready Position
b) Power Position
c) Center of Gravity
d) Base of support

Back 56

b) Power Position

Front 57

The intervertebral disks have which of the following characteristics?
a) Calcified outer ring

b) Gelatinous inner nucleus portion

c) Gray matter surronding the neural cell bodies

d) Actin and Myosin Proteins

Back 57

b) Gelatinous inner nucleus portion

Front 58

Which of the following will increase stability?
a) Lowering the center of Gravity
b) Raising the center of gravity
c) Decreasing the base support
d) Moving the center of gravity farther from the edge of the base of support

Back 58

a) Lowering the center of Gravity

Front 59

First class lever?

Back 59

The Axis is between he force and the resistance arm.
EX: A See Saw

Front 60

Second Class Lever?

Back 60

The resistance lies between the effort force ad the axis of rotation.
Ex:A Wheel Barrel
Resistance in the barrel
Force is the handles and you
Axis is the wheel and the resistance arm is between the barrel and the wheel.

Front 61

Third Class Lever?

Back 61

The effort force lies closer to the axis of the lever arm than the resistance arm
Ex: A man holding a long shovel

Front 62

Which type of musculoskeletal lever is most common?
a) Firts Class
b) Second Class
c) Third Class
d) Forth Class

Back 62

c) Third Class

Front 63

Rotary motion?

Back 63

Occurs when a force is applied off center to a movable object
and it spins( Rotary)

Front 64

Translatory Motion?

Back 64

Occurs when a freely moving object moves in a straight line when a force is applied on the center of the object.

Front 65

Which if the following is characteristic of a second class lever?
a) Axis is located between effort force and the resistance.
b) Resistance is located between the effort force and the axis
c) Effort force is located between the resistance and the axis
d) Force arm may be greater than or equal to the resistance arm.

Back 65

b) Between the effort and the axis

Front 66

Which of the following muscle groups is most likely weak when slapping of the foot durning heel strike and increased knee and hip flexion during swing are observed?
a) Gluteous Medius and minimus
b) Quadriceps Femoris
c) Plantarflexors
d) Dorsiflexors

Back 66

d) Dorsiflexors

Front 67

Which of the following is a characteristic of running vs walking?
a) Less vigerous arm action
b) Decreased Stride length
c) Period of non support
d) Period of double - support

Back 67

c) Period of non support

Front 68

The rear foot motion called Pronation results from a combination of
a) Abduction,eversion and plantarflexion
b) Adduction, inversion and plantarflexion
c) Abduction, eversion and dorsiflexion
d) Adduction, inversion and dorsiflexion

Back 68

c) Abduction, eversion and dorsiflexion

Front 69

Weakness in the gluteus maximus can contribute to;

Back 69

An anterior lean of the upper body at heel strike.

Front 70

Weakness in the gluteus Medius and minimus...

Back 70

decreases stability function during the stance phase of gait, possibly leading to an increased lateral shift in the pelvis.

Front 71

Severe weakness in the Plantarflexors...

Back 71

reduces push off and step length on the affected side

Front 72

Weakness of the Quadriceps femoris....

Back 72

can lead to forward lean of the trunk or hyper extension of the knee joint.

Front 73

Pronation

Back 73

Abduction
Eversion
Dorsiflexion

Front 74

Supination

Back 74

Adduction
inversion
Plantarflexion

Front 75

The heart circulates Oxygenated blood through:

Back 75

through Arteries to Artrioles to Capillaries

Front 76

Deoxygenated blood returns to the Capillaries then...

Back 76

travels to the Venules to veins and then the heart

Front 77

The maintenance of an open air way during esophageal distention isprovided by what structure?
a) Trachea
b) Pharnyx
c) Larynx
d) Egigloittis

Back 77

a) Trachea

Front 78

providing red blood cells, protecting organs and tissues, and providing support for the body are all functions of what tissue?
a) Collagen
b) Muscle
c) Tendon
d) Bones

Back 78

d) Bones