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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chapter 11 |
Chapter 11 |
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Personality Disorders |
-when traits become more inflexible in a socioculturally deviant and maladaptive way, causing distress or impairment -oftentimes, more distress to others than affected person -disorders are considered categories in which a person has the disorder or not; no grey areas |
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Personality Disorders Facts |
-Usually onset in adolescence or early adulthood -3 clusters Cluster A: odd or eccentric Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic Cluster C: anxious or fearful |
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Paranoid Personality Disorder |
-Cluster A - pervasive unjustified distrust without, or despite, evidence to the contrary -borderline delusional |
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Schizoid Personality Disorder |
-Cluster A -detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotion -brief psychotic episodes may be diagnosed in times of stress, no hallucinations/delusions -Batman |
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder |
-Cluster A -pervasive deficit in social skills resulting in few close relationships, cognitive/perceptual distortions and eccentric behavior -Willy Wanka |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder |
-Cluster B -Pervasive disregard for others without empathy -Psychopaths/Sociopaths |
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
-Cluster B -Pretentious (grandiosity) and aggression, Need for admiration, lack of empathy |
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Borderline Personality Disorder |
-Cluster B -pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect -incredibly unstable relationships and intense mood/behavior swings |
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Histrionic Personality Disorder |
-Cluster B -Excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior |
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Avoidant Personality Disorder |
-Cluster C -Pervasive social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation -fear of separation |
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Dependent Personality Disorder |
-Cluster C -Pervasive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation |
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Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder |
-Cluster C -pervasive preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency -Sheldon Cooper |
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Chapter 12 |
Chapter 12 |
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Childhood affects on psychopathology |
-children may develop risk factors for "adult" diagnoses, such as an over reactive temperament which may predispose a personality disorder -children may also be diagnosed with childhood disorders, some of which persist into adulthood (Intellectual Disability) and some of which may not. |
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Intellectual Disability |
-Deficits in intellectual functions such as reasoning and problem solving, confirmed by both clinical assessment and intelligence testing -Deficits in adaptive functioning resulting in failure to meet developmental milestones |
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Intellectual Disabilities (ID's) |
-Down Syndrome: third chromosome present on 21st set, ID with mild to moderate rage -Fragile X Syndrome: gene turned off on X chromosome, most common ID -Phenylketonuria (PKU): genetic disorder where body can't break down phenylalanine, mental and physical abnormalities -Fatal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): leading preventable environmental cause of intellectual disability |
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Specific Learning Disorder |
-difficulties learning and using academic skill |
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) |
-Learning Disorder -persistent deficits in social communication and interaction -requires support/substantial support/ very substantial support -social deficits and repetitive behaviors -Not caused by vaccines |
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Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
-Learning Disorder -Inattentive or hyperactive symptoms |
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Oppositional/Defiant Disorder |
Angry/irritable mood that lasts +6 months |
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Conduct Disorder |
persistant violation of the basic rights of others or societal norms -theft -aggression to people -destruction of property -serious rule violations |
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Chapter 13 |
Chapter 13 |
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Geropsychology |
addresses issues of aging, usually focusing on those 65 and older -only about 1/3 older adults said to be aging successfully |
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Selective Optimization and Compensation |
-succesfull aging tool -individuals that modify their goals and choices to best use their personal characteristics and abilities to engage in rewarding activieies and optimize social, mental, and physical functioning |
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Older Adults Psychological Symptoms |
-20% meet criteria for psychological disorder (depression, anxiety) but only 1/2 of that 30% get treated |
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Bipolar and Depressive Disorders (older adults) |
-same criteria as younger adults but symptoms often unreported for fear of being viewed as "crazy" -Depression often follows medical diagnoses -Suicide 2x more likely -Bipolar onset unlikely during this age however could be having relapse or recent stroke/medication change -treatment must begin with physical exam to rule out medical causes -more common women |
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Anxiety Disorders (older adults) |
-worry may worsen physical symptoms and medications may induce anxiety symptoms -approx 11% older adults suffer from an anxiety disorder (Specific phobia/GAD most common) -more common women |
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Substance Use Disorders (older adults) |
-prevalence expected to double from 2002 to 2020 (5.7 million)
-more likely to experience medical and safety problems leading up to this -more common men than women |
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Late onset Schizophrenia |
late = 45 very late = 65 (medical illness: Alzheimer's) |
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Major/Mild neurocognitive disorder |
cognitive decline from previous level of performance major= deficits interfere with independence in daily life (paying bills, managing medications) |
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Alzheimer's Disease |
-type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior through the death of brain cells (75% neurocognitive cases) living diagnoses based on symptoms, true diagnoses in autopsy |
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Vascular Disease |
-Stroke: blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients causing brain death -loss memory function/ability to talk and understand language -stroke can increase susceptibility to Alzheimer's -post stroke = vascular depression |
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Substance/Medication Use (Alcohol) |
-less socially impaired and more physically impaired (tolerance less, feel more effects) -decrease neural firing, decreased memory -Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome |
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Traumatic Brain Injury
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-brain dysfunction caused by an outside force (violent blow to the head) *could cause PTSD |
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
-hinders body's ability to fight diseases and attacks body's own immune system -reduces number of T cells increasing susceptibility to disease (cancer) |
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Parkinson's Disease |
-central nervous system disorder that is caused by the deterioration of the central nervous system -caused by not enough dopamine |
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Huntington's Disease |
-inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time (50% chance if one parent has the disorder) -late/end stages = not able to speak or walk |
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Chapter 14 |
Chapter 14 |
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health psychology |
-incorporates psychology to understand and address how attitudes and behavior may impact heath and illness -study how people develop positive and negative health habits |
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Stress |
-body's emotional, physical, chemical and mental reaction to things that excite, frighten, and/or danger you -fight or flight system -acute (burglary) or chronic (illness) -major (beginning college) or daily hassle (late to class) |
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stressors (?) |
anything or anyone that causes stress -environments -events -relationships -approx 70% doctors visits stress-related |
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Distress vs Eustress |
Distress: bad stress Eustress: good stress (motivation) |
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Stress Appraisal |
1) primary: assess potential harm 2) secondary: assess potential action |
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General Adaptation Syndrome |
1)Alarm 2)Resistance 3)Exhaustion |
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Alarm |
body mobilizes to meet threat -increase HR -alert and shock -mobilized and ready to fight back |
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Resistance |
body attempts to cope with threat (maintaining sympathetic arousal) -temp, BP, and HR remain high -adrenal glands pump hormones into blood -fully engaged with stressorBeha |
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Exhaustion |
body's resources are depleted, increasing vulnerability to diseases |
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Behavior and Medical Illness |
-Healthy eating (primary impact health) -Exercise and Physical Activity (30 min/day) -Substance use (increases illness chances) -Sleep (7-9 hrs a night recommended) |
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Insomnia |
Dissatisfaction with sleep quality/quantity Sleep difficulty 3 nights/week 3+ weeks |
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Sleep Hygiene |
S- set regular bedtime and rise time L- limit bed to sleep and sex E- exit bed if not asleep in 15-20 mins E- eliminate naps P- put away all light substances |