Aalas: Alat Flashcards

Front 1

The Animal Welfare Act is administered by what agency?

Back 1

USDA Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service

Front 2

What regulations apply to nonclinical studies conducted to collect data for submission to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Back 2

Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs)

Front 3

What committee oversees the institution's animal research programs?

Back 3

Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee (IACUC)

Front 4

What agency is responsible for enforcing the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy)

Back 4

Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW)

Front 5

True or False: Mice bred for research are not covered by the Animal Welfare Act

Back 5

True

Front 6

The field of laboratory animal science has existed as a recognized specialty since what period of time

Back 6

The late 1940's

Front 7

In 1950, Dr. Nathan Brewer and other veterinarians formed what organization

Back 7

Animal Care Panel (Now American Association for Laboratory Animal Science)

Front 8

The scientist who plans and coordinates the research study is called the ______ _________

Back 8

Principal Investigator

Front 9

Name the three levels of AALAS technician certification

Back 9

Assistant Laboratory ANimal Technician (ALAT), Laboratory Animal Technician (LAT), Laboratory Animal Technologist (LATG)

Front 10

In addition to the ALAT Training Manual, what publication should you study to prepare for the ALAT certification exam?

Back 10

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Front 11

Name the three key factors for personal protection from radiation

Back 11

Shielding, Time, Distance

Front 12

Gloves, safety glasses, and masks are all types of ___?

Back 12

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Front 13

What type of PPE provides the best protection for the eye?

Back 13

Goggles or safety glasses with side shields

Front 14

Why should animal facility personnel wear uniforms instead of regular clothing?

Back 14

To protect themselves and the environment from exposure to microorganisms, allergens, and toxic substance

Front 15

Ear protectors should be worn in areas such as cage wash where the noise level measures at or above _____?

Back 15

85 Decibels

Front 16

What is a disaster plan?

Back 16

A document that outlines the steps to be taken in response to a disaster

Front 17

_____ are used to measure the effectiveness of an institution-wide emergency system

Back 17

Periodic disaster drills

Front 18

Name three ways to prevent a security breach?

Back 18

Background checks, ID badges, electronic access, check/escort visitors, security cameras, ban personal cameras/recorders

Front 19

What is the first priority in the event of a disaster or accident?

Back 19

To protect human life, including your own

Front 20

If someone you don't know approaches and asks to be let into the facility what should you do?

Back 20

Contact a supervisor if you are not authorized to admit visitors

Front 21

What document must an investigator submit for approval y the IACUC for each research study involving laboratory animals?

Back 21

Animal use protocol or animal protocol

Front 22

If research is funded by agencies of the PHS, what document must the Institutional Official send to OLAW about the institution's animal care and use program?

Back 22

Animal Welfare Assurance of Compliance Statement or PHS Assurance

Front 23

Name the "3R's" Principles of Russell and Burch?

Back 23

Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction

Front 24

What is the term described in the 3Rs for designing an experiment so that stress or pain to an animal is minimized?

Back 24

Refinement

Front 25

What is the common term for the policy that most institutions have to protect an individual reporting instance of animal abuse or neglect?

Back 25

Whistleblower policy

Front 26

True or False: The Animal Welfare Regulations is another name for the Animal Welfare Act

Back 26

False. The Animal Welfare Regulations describe what rules a facility must follow to comply with the AWA

Front 27

What document must be submitted to the USDA every year by an animal facility with USDA-covered species?

Back 27

An annual report

Front 28

Upon request, USDA records are available to the public under what federal act?

Back 28

Freedom of Information Act

Front 29

Name the person to whom the IACUC is responsible

Back 29

Institutional Official

Front 30

The PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals applies specifically to which type of research?

Back 30

Federally Funded Research

Front 31

What type of housing is used for larger animals, such as dogs, sheep, and goats?

Back 31

Runs, Pens, Kennels

Front 32

Name one type of outdoor enclosure for agricultural animals?

Back 32

Run, Corral, Crib

Front 33

A rectangular open box used to house smaller species, such as rodents, is called a _______ cage?

Back 33

Shoebox

Front 34

What is a disadvantage of galvanized steel if used for caging?

Back 34

Rust/Corrosion

Front 35

What is a microisolation rodent cage?

Back 35

A shoebox cage with a filtered plastic top

Front 36

What is another name for a Class III biological safety cabinet?

Back 36

Glove Box

Front 37

What equipment uses high-temperature steam under pressure to kill microorganisms?

Back 37

Autoclave

Front 38

Name three types of indicators used to ensure that an autoclave cycle was effective?

Back 38

Mechanical, Chemical, Biological

Front 39

What piece of equipment is used to disinfect an entire room without manually washing and scrubbing the surfaces

Back 39

Decontamination mister or fogger

Front 40

How do you calibrate a scale?

Back 40

Adjust the scale to accurately weigh a standard weight

Front 41

Name the three types of automatic cage washers

Back 41

Cabinet, Rack, Tunnel

Front 42

What two devices are used for weighin in animal facilities?

Back 42

Balances, Scales

Front 43

How is an automatic water drinking valve activated by an animal?

Back 43

By licking or biting the stem

Front 44

What can happen if a drinking valve gets clogged?

Back 44

The animal cannot drink and may become dehydrated

Front 45

Name four methods of decontaminating the water used in an automatic watering system

Back 45

Acid, Chlorine, Reverse Osmosis, Ultraviolet radiation

Front 46

What is the term for a disease transmitted from animals to humans?

Back 46

Zoonosis or zoonotic disease

Front 47

In case of an animal bite, what are the first two things to be done?

Back 47

Wash wound well with soap and water and notify your supervisor

Front 48

What term is used to describe items that can puncture your skin?

Back 48

Sharps

Front 49

How long should eyes be flushed in case of a splash exposure

Back 49

At least 15 minutes

Front 50

What law requires employers to provide a workplace free from hazards that can cause serious injury or death?

Back 50

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Front 51

To what environmental factor are albino animals more sensitive than pigmented animals?

Back 51

Bright Light

Front 52

What are the two types of barrier facilities

Back 52

Bioexclusion, Biocontainment

Front 53

Quarantine and isolation rooms should operate on this type of air pressure

Back 53

Negative

Front 54

How should you store open feed and bedding bags?

Back 54

In plastic-lined cans with tight-fitting lids

Front 55

Feed and bedding should be stored how far from the wall

Back 55

At least 6 inches

Front 56

What is the measure of the amount of moisture in the air called?

Back 56

Humidity

Front 57

The rate of room air exchange with fresh/recirculated air is called _____.

Back 57

Ventilation or air exchange

Front 58

In what direction does air flow between a positive pressure room and the corridor?

Back 58

From the room to the corridor

Front 59

Prolonged low relative humidity and high temperature is related to this disease in rats

Back 59

Ringtail

Front 60

Name the hand-held instrument used to measure air flow

Back 60

Anemometer

Front 61

The environment within the animal's cage is referred to as the ______

Back 61

Microenvironment

Front 62

The enviroment within the animal room at large is called the _____.

Back 62

Macroenvironment

Front 63

Name three environmental factors that should be monitored in the animal room

Back 63

Temperature, humidity, noise, lighting, ventilation, contaminants, vibration, odors

Front 64

Room temperatures that are too low can cause the animals to develop what condition?

Back 64

Hypothermia

Front 65

What is the term for a designated room used to separate newly arrived animals from the other animals in the facility?

Back 65

Quarantine Room

Front 66

What type of cage has a back wall that slides forward

Back 66

Squeeze

Front 67

What type of cage hangs from runners?

Back 67

Suspended

Front 68

What type of caging is designed to collect urine and feces output?

Back 68

Metabolism

Front 69

Name two types of temporary housing cages used to move animals.

Back 69

Transport, transfer, or shipping

Front 70

True or false: When determining space requirements, you do not need to allow for space taken by feeders or enrichment devices

Back 70

False. All items in the cage must be taken into account

Front 71

Why is cleaning dirty equipment inside the animla room discouraged?

Back 71

Organisms and chemicals can become airborne and contaminate the animals

Front 72

Moisture in feed and bedding containers promotes _____ and ______.

Back 72

Microbial growth, spoilage

Front 73

Chemical descalers remove ____ scale from cage pans

Back 73

Urine

Front 74

After cleaning racks, what should be done to the automatic watering manifold before using?

Back 74

Flush Thoroughly

Front 75

Name two categories of waste in an animal facility?

Back 75

General waste, hazardous waste

Front 76

Referring to disinfection, what does the suffix "-static" mean?

Back 76

Inhibits microbial growth

Front 77

The period of time that a disinfectant is left on the surface until rinsed is called the ______ ______.

Back 77

Contact time

Front 78

A disinfectant that kills viruses is called a _____.

Back 78

Virucide

Front 79

What can impair the effectiveness of bleach as a bactericidal cleaner?

Back 79

Dirt and Debris

Front 80

To what particular disinfectant do cats react adversely?

Back 80

Phenolic Compounds

Front 81

The process of destroying all microorganisms on an object is called _____.

Back 81

Sterilization

Front 82

What are three ways to keep vermin out of an animal facility?

Back 82

Good housekeeping, proper waste disposal, a properly constructed building

Front 83

Isopropyl alcohol is commonly used as a surface ____

Back 83

Disinfectant

Front 84

Name two alternatives to autoclave sterilization

Back 84

Ethylene oxide gas, chemical sterilization, irradiation, dry heat, hydrogen peroxide gas

Front 85

Referring to disinfection, what does the suffix "-cidal" mean?

Back 85

Kills microorganisms

Front 86

Microorganisms that cause disease are known as _______.

Back 86

Pathogens

Front 87

If you transfer a chemical to another container, what should you do to the new container?

Back 87

Label the container

Front 88

Why should you not mix different cleaning chemicals?

Back 88

It can create substances hazardous to animals and staff, or reduce their efficacy

Front 89

The process of washing away microorganisms is called _____.

Back 89

Sanitization

Front 90

The process that destroys microorganisms or inhibits their growth and activity is called ____.

Back 90

Disinfection

Front 91

Why are some species fasted before surgery?

Back 91

To prevent vomiting caused by anesthesia

Front 92

What type of device is inserted under the animal's skin and uses radio waves to identify the animal?

Back 92

A microchip transponder

Front 93

What is direct bedding?

Back 93

Bedding that comes into contact with animals

Front 94

What is indirect bedding?

Back 94

Bedding that is in the pans under a cage

Front 95

Name three important characteristics of bedding

Back 95

Absorbency, Ammonia Control, Dust, Chemical Content, Static Electricity, Cost

Front 96

What form of feed is made by first grinding the feed and then molding it into a variety of shapes and sizes?

Back 96

Pelleted feed

Front 97

Name two methods of sterilization diets?

Back 97

Autoclaving, irradiation

Front 98

What is certified feed?

Back 98

Nutrient analysis of the feed is certified by the manufacturer that contaminates are below a certain level

Front 99

The date stamped on the feed bag indicating when the feed was manufactured is called the ______ date.

Back 99

Milling

Front 100

What is the shelf life of feed wiht stabilized vitamin C?

Back 100

6 Months

Front 101

Fats belong to what group of substances?

Back 101

Lipids

Front 102

Why do some facilities add chlorine to drinking water?

Back 102

To kill pathogenic viruses and bacteria

Front 103

Which animal species requires a feed that includes taurine?

Back 103

Cat

Front 104

Name four fat-soluble vitamins/

Back 104

A,D,E,K

Front 105

Which two species of laboratory animals are most vulnerable to scurvy?

Back 105

Guinea pigs, some nonhuman primates

Front 106

What is the most important nutrient?

Back 106

Water

Front 107

The amount of energy contained in feed is measured in ______?

Back 107

Calories

Front 108

What is the indigestible form of carbohydrate?

Back 108

Fiber

Front 109

The breakdown of food into basic compounds and its absorption into the bloodstream is called __________.

Back 109

Digestion

Front 110

Proteins are made of chains of ____ _______

Back 110

Amino Acids

Front 111

Name two common inhalant anesthetics

Back 111

Isoflurane, sevoflurane

Front 112

Give three examples of parenteral methods of drug dosing

Back 112

Intramuscular (IM), Intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC, SQ), intraperitoneal (IP), intradermal (ID), intracardiac (IC), epidural

Front 113

What is the term for a drug that relieves pain?

Back 113

Analgesic

Front 114

What are the two main categories of analgesics?

Back 114

Opiods, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Front 115

What is an anesthetic?

Back 115

A drug that induces loss of feeling or awareness of pain

Front 116

True or false: Specific pathogen-free animals have no detectable microorganisms

Back 116

False. They are known to be free from specified pathogens but not all pathogens

Front 117

The period after new animals arrive in which they are kept separate from the other animals in the facility is called the ______ period.

Back 117

Quarantine

Front 118

This period allows newly arrived animals to recover from the stress of transport and get used to a new environment.

Back 118

Acclimation

Front 119

What is the purpose of a conditioning period?

Back 119

Dealing with health issues of newly arrived animals

Front 120

What is the difference between gnotobiotic and germfree animals?

Back 120

Gnotobiotic animals have a defined flora; gernfree animals have no detectable microorganisms

Front 121

How does a Class A dealer obtain their animals?

Back 121

They breed the animals at their facility

Front 122

What does the animal's microbiological status refer to?

Back 122

The types of microorganisms that the animal is carrying

Front 123

An animal that carries no detectable microorganisms is known as _____

Back 123

Germfree or axenic

Front 124

Dogs purchased from Class B dealers are typically considered what category of animal?

Back 124

Random source

Front 125

What procedures are performed during a quarantine period?

Back 125

Tests for health status, vaccinations, treatment for obvious disease

Front 126

Name three temporary identification methods.

Back 126

Cage cards, marking, collars

Front 127

Name five methods of permanent identification

Back 127

Ear punch/notch, ear/wing tags, tattoo, toe clip, microchip

Front 128

True or false: It is acceptable to share cleaning implements between rooms

Back 128

False. Each room should have dedicated cleaning equipment

Front 129

What is the term for the number of animals or cages per investigation in each room?

Back 129

Animal Census

Front 130

Puzzle feeders, balls, nesting material, and special food treats can be added to cages for ____ _____.

Back 130

Environmental Enrichment

Front 131

What is the term for an infectious agent that causes disease?

Back 131

Pathogen

Front 132

What is the term for a nonliving material that can transfer an infection

Back 132

Formite

Front 133

What is the term for a living organism that carries an infection?

Back 133

Vector

Front 134

What are sentinel animals?

Back 134

Healthy animals used to detect an infection or parasites

Front 135

What organism lives on or in an animal and draws nourishment from that animal

Back 135

Parasite

Front 136

When an animal exhibits head tilt, it could be a sign of what condition?

Back 136

Ear Infection

Front 137

What condition may be indicated when pale skin or mucous membranes are observed?

Back 137

Anemia

Front 138

What condition may be indicated when pruritus or frequent scratching is noted?

Back 138

External parasites or ectoparasites

Front 139

When referring to disease, what does "subclinical" mean?

Back 139

An illness with no obvious signs

Front 140

Any alteration of normal anatomy or [physiology of an animal is called ________.

Back 140

Disease

Front 141

True or false: The term "Parenteral" refers to administering drugs through the GI tract.

Back 141

False. Parenteral refers to routes other than the GI tract.

Front 142

Name four of the drug dosing routines.

Back 142

Inhalation, injectable, topical, oral, rectal

Front 143

Name the two routes of enteral administration.

Back 143

Oral, Rectal

Front 144

An intracardiac injection is given into what organ?

Back 144

Heart

Front 145

An intraperitoneal injection is given into what part of the body?

Back 145

Abdominal Cavity

Front 146

What type of drug is used to treat infections caused by bacteria?

Back 146

Antibiotic

Front 147

What type of drug is used to treat ringworm?

Back 147

Antifungal

Front 148

What type of drug kills parasitic worms?

Back 148

Anthelminitic

Front 149

A drug that is potentially addictive to humans is classified as what by the DEA?

Back 149

A controlled substance

Front 150

Controlled substances are classified in how many schedules?

Back 150

Five

Front 151

What prefix would you add to the root "thermia" for a term that means above-normal temperature?

Back 151

Hyper-

Front 152

What is the root of the word "neurology" and what does it mean?

Back 152

Neuro, Nerve

Front 153

All units in the metric system are based on what numeric power?

Back 153

Power of 10

Front 154

What is the standard metric unit of weight?

Back 154

Gram (g)

Front 155

What is the standard metric unit of distance?

Back 155

Meter (m)

Front 156

Name an advantage of using physical methods of euthanasia

Back 156

Tissues are free of drug residue

Front 157

What is the last step in the euthanasia process?

Back 157

Confirmation of animal death

Front 158

Name two factors that are just as important as the type of method used when euthanizing an animal?

Back 158

The knowledge and skill of the technician

Front 159

When using carbon dioxide (CO2) for euthanasia, what should be the source to obtain the gas?

Back 159

A compressed gas cylinder

Front 160

____ _______ approves the methods of euthanasia at a research institution.

Back 160

The IACUC

Front 161

Inducing death in a way that minimizes pain and distress is called ______

Back 161

Euthanasia

Front 162

Why are animals euthanized in an area away from other animals?

Back 162

To avoid causing distress to the other animals

Front 163

What term does the AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia use for the most appropriate agents/methods of euthanasia?

Back 163

Acceptable

Front 164

What are the two categories of euthanasia methods?

Back 164

Chemical, physical

Front 165

What are the three ways euthanasia chemical agents can be given to animals?

Back 165

Inhalation,Injection, Immersion (Aquatic species)

Front 166

Name two test for detecting internal parasites

Back 166

Cellophane tape test, fecal flotation

Front 167

What is the purpose of an isolation room or area?

Back 167

To keep animals that may carry a contagious disease separate from the healthy animals in the colony

Front 168

How often should TB testing be performed in NHPs as part of colony management

Back 168

When they arrive at the facility, during the quarantine period, and at regular intervals after that

Front 169

What do you call a specialist who studies how disease affects tissues?

Back 169

Pathologist

Front 170

When saving an animal carcass for necropsy, where should it be stored?

Back 170

Cold storage or refrigerator (NOT a freezer)

Front 171

In a research project, the group that is manipulated is called the _____ group

Back 171

Experimental or test

Front 172

In an experiment, what do you call the group that does not get the experimental treatment?

Back 172

Control group

Front 173

A statement that expresses a research question is called a _____.

Back 173

Hypothesis

Front 174

A factor that can change a study is called a _____.

Back 174

Variable

Front 175

True or false: Experimental variables are those that are manipulated by the researcher

Back 175

True

Front 176

pH is expressed on a scale from _____ to ______.

Back 176

0 to 14

Front 177

37º Celcus (C) = _____º Fahrenheit

Back 177

98.6

Front 178

Is a pH of 2 acidic or alkaline (basic)?

Back 178

Acidic

Front 179

What does "dilute" mean?

Back 179

To reduce the concentration of a solution by adding liquid

Front 180

What is the study of the interaction of molecules and recombination of their atoms?

Back 180

Chemistry

Front 181

Name the two standard scales for measuring temperature.

Back 181

Fahrenheit and Celsius or Centigrade

Front 182

What is the pH of pure water?

Back 182

7

Front 183

1 kilogram (kg) = _______ pounds

Back 183

2.2

Front 184

When two or more atoms combine, it is called a _______

Back 184

Molecule

Front 185

a 1:10 dilution has _____ ml substance and ____ml diluent

Back 185

1, 9

Front 186

What is the standard metric unit of volume?

Back 186

Liter (L)

Front 187

1 inch = ___ Centimeters

Back 187

2.54

Front 188

All matter in the universe is made up of fundamental units called _____.

Back 188

Atoms

Front 189

1 Ounce = ____ grams

Back 189

28.4

Front 190

1 pound = _____ grams

Back 190

454

Front 191

What is the hair color pattern of mice called in which the shaft of the hair is a light color and the tip is black?

Back 191

Agouti

Front 192

What is the scientific name for the laboratory mouse?

Back 192

Mus Musculus

Front 193

If two mouse strains are bred to produce a mixture of genes from each strain, what are the offspring called?

Back 193

Hybrids

Front 194

The nude mouse has a deficiency in which body system?

Back 194

Immune system

Front 195

What is the term for the space between the anus and the genital papilla?

Back 195

Anogenital Distance

Front 196

In a monogamous mating scheme, how many males and how many females are put together in a cage?

Back 196

One male and one female

Front 197

An inbred strain is achieved after a minimum of how many generations of brother-to-sister or parent-to-offspring breedings?

Back 197

20 generations

Front 198

What is another name for a polygamous mating system in which one male is housed with two or more females?

Back 198

Harem mating system

Front 199

What is a milk spot on a neonatal rodent?

Back 199

A distinct white spot visible on left side of the abdomen of newborn rats and mice indicating the stomach contains milk

Front 200

What is the term for difficult labor or birthing

Back 200

Dystocia

Front 201

What is a transgenic animal?

Back 201

An animal that contains genetic material from a different source

Front 202

What is the term for a damaged or changed gene?

Back 202

Mutation

Front 203

What is the period from conception to parturition called?

Back 203

Gestation

Front 204

What does finding a vaginal plug in a female mouse mean?

Back 204

Evidence of mating within the previous 24 hours

Front 205

In what breeding scheme are unrelated or distantly related animals mated?

Back 205

Outbreeding

Front 206

What are the units of genetic inheritance?

Back 206

Genes

Front 207

Genes are located on chromosomes and are made up of a chemical called _____.

Back 207

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Front 208

Long strings of double-stranded DNA form _____.

Back 208

Chromosomes

Front 209

An inherited characteristic, such as fur color, is called a ____.

Back 209

Trait

Front 210

True or false: A gene that easily expresses the trait of an animal is said to be recessive.

Back 210

False. The trait is said to be dominant.

Front 211

What do hamster's do if the room temperature drops to 5º C or below?

Back 211

Sleen in a hibernation-like state

Front 212

What is the most common hamster species used in research?

Back 212

Golden (Syrian) hamster

Front 213

What is different about the hamster stomach compared with other rodents' stomachs?

Back 213

It has two compartments

Front 214

Which metabolic disease is hereditary in hamsters?

Back 214

Diabetes mellitus

Front 215

What purpose does the hamster's cheek pouch serve?

Back 215

Store feed, bedding, nesting, material; hide babies

Front 216

What does excessive accumulation of porphyrin in rats indicate?

Back 216

Pain or distress

Front 217

Which teeth of rats and mice grow continuously throughout life?

Back 217

Incisors

Front 218

How often are rats generally fed and watered?

Back 218

Ad libitum

Front 219

Ruffled fur and hunched posture of rats can indicate what?

Back 219

Illness or injury

Front 220

At what age are rats weaned?

Back 220

20-21 days

Front 221

Which strain of rat is known as the hooded rat?

Back 221

Long-Evans

Front 222

What is the reddish material found in the tears and saliva of rats?

Back 222

Porphyrin

Front 223

Overgrowth of rodent incisors is called _____.

Back 223

Malocclusion

Front 224

What is the scientific name for the most common species of rat used in research?

Back 224

Rattus Norvegicus

Front 225

True or false: The gallbladder can cause significant illness in the rat.

Back 225

False. The rat does not have a gallbladder

Front 226

Is the anogenital distance longer in the male or female mouse?

Back 226

Male

Front 227

During what part of the photoperiod does most of the mouse's activities take place?

Back 227

Dark period

Front 228

At what age are mice typically weaned?

Back 228

21-28 Days

Front 229

What is the behavioral condition in which a mouse chews fur off another mouse?

Back 229

Barbering

Front 230

What are common enrichment items for mouse cages?

Back 230

Nesting material, structures for hiding, chewing materials

Front 231

What is another common name for a guinea pig?

Back 231

Cavy

Front 232

Why are guinea pigs fasted before incubation

Back 232

They keep feed in their mouth

Front 233

True or false: guinea pigs produce only a small volume of urine and feces

Back 233

False. They produce a large volume of urine and feces

Front 234

What is the scientific name for the guinea pig?

Back 234

Cavia Porcellus

Front 235

What is wheeking?

Back 235

A whistle sound guinea pigs make when excited?

Front 236

What may occur if the litter of a lactating female gerbil is disturbed?

Back 236

Cannibalism

Front 237

What is a unique breeding trait among gerbils that is different from other rodents?

Back 237

They generally form monogamous pairs

Front 238

What behaviors can a gerbil exhibit when startled?

Back 238

They freeze and become immobile or have seizures

Front 239

Why must gerbils be housed in a tall cage?

Back 239

Because gerbils often stand erect on their hind legs

Front 240

Why should one be careful picking up a gerbil by the tail?

Back 240

The tail tip is fragile; the skin may tear off, and the tail may require amputation

Front 241

What is the scientific name for the most common species of gerbil used in research?

Back 241

Meriones Unguiculatus

Front 242

What is another name for a gerbil?

Back 242

Jird or desert rat

Front 243

Skin sloughing off a gerbil's tail while handling is called _______.

Back 243

Degloving

Front 244

Wwhat is the large sebaceous gland on the gerbil abdomen called?

Back 244

Ventral marking gland

Front 245

What behavior do male gerbils exhibit around the time of mating?

Back 245

They "thump" with their hind feet

Front 246

Where are the scent organs located on a hamster?

Back 246

On the dorsolateral flanks

Front 247

Why should penicillin not be used to treat a hamster?

Back 247

It can disturb the intestinal flora and be lethal

Front 248

Is the male or female hamster more dominant and aggressive?

Back 248

Female

Front 249

True or false: Hamsters usually use one corner of the cage for wastes and another for feed storage?

Back 249

True

Front 250

At what age are hamsters weaned?

Back 250

21-28 days of age

Front 251

What is the scientific name for the cat?

Back 251

Felis catus

Front 252

What type of ovulation occurs in cats?

Back 252

Induced

Front 253

What are the male and female cat called?

Back 253

Tom, Queen

Front 254

According to USDA regulations, which two methods can be used for identification of a cat?

Back 254

Tag and collar, tattoo

Front 255

Why should cat litter pans be checked daily for urine outputs

Back 255

Cats often develop urinary disease

Front 256

What are the male and female rabbit called?

Back 256

Buck, doe

Front 257

If a female releases eggs from her ovaries only after mating, she is said to be an _____ _____

Back 257

Induced ovulator

Front 258

What should be avoided when tattooing a rabbit's ear?

Back 258

Puncture of the central ear artery

Front 259

Why should the female rabbit be taken to the male's cage for breeding?

Back 259

The female may attack the male if he is brought to her cage

Front 260

What is a baby rabbit called?

Back 260

Kit

Front 261

What is the scientific name for the laboratory rabbit?

Back 261

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Front 262

What is the fold of loose skin below the neck of a rabbit called?

Back 262

Dewlap

Front 263

A rabbit's second set of upper incisors are known by what term?

Back 263

Peg teeth

Front 264

What is the most common rabbit breed used in research in the US?

Back 264

New Zealand white

Front 265

What is the term for the behavior that occurs in rodents and rabbits in which the animal eats its own feces?

Back 265

Coprophagy

Front 266

What does "precocial" mean?

Back 266

Born fully furred, eyes open, eating solid food

Front 267

What are male and female guinea pigs called?

Back 267

Boar, sow

Front 268

At what age is a guinea pig weaned?

Back 268

14-28 days

Front 269

Why should female guinea pigs be bred before 7 months of age?

Back 269

The public symphysis may fuse after 7 months

Front 270

Why do guinea pigs need vitamin C in their feed?

Back 270

They cannot synthesize their own vitamin C

Front 271

Duroc and Yorkshire breeds are examples of which type of swine?

Back 271

Domestic

Front 272

Give an example of a strain of minipig

Back 272

Yucatan, Sinclair

Front 273

What is a hammock that is suspended above the floor to immobilize swine called?

Back 273

A sling

Front 274

What is farrowing?

Back 274

Giving birth in swine

Front 275

An uncastrated male pig is called a ____, a castrated male pig is called a ______, and a femal pig is called a _____.

Back 275

Boar, barrow, sow or gilt

Front 276

What is the most frequently used breed of dog in research?

Back 276

Beagle

Front 277

How often should cages that house dogs be cleaned?

Back 277

Daily

Front 278

What Federal law mandates an exercise program for dogs?

Back 278

Animal Welfare Act

Front 279

What device can be used to prevent a dog from biting?

Back 279

Muzzle

Front 280

Besides exercise, what are other common forms of enrichment for dogs

Back 280

Toys, resting boards, training

Front 281

What is the scientific name of the dog?

Back 281

Canis Familiaris

Front 282

How long is the typical sexual cycle of a dog

Back 282

7-10 days

Front 283

Adult dogs are usually fed how often?

Back 283

Once a day

Front 284

True or false: You should never lift a dog by the scruff of its neck

Back 284

True

Front 285

Which identification methods for dogs are acceptable by the USDA?

Back 285

Collar and tag, tattoo

Front 286

Other than a feeder and a waterer, name two items that cat caging must contain?

Back 286

Litter pan, resting board

Front 287

WHat is blood in the urine called?

Back 287

Hematuria

Front 288

What is a nictitating membrane?

Back 288

A movable membrane that may cover part of the eye

Front 289

In order to comply with federal law, where must the disposition of a cat's carcass be recorded?

Back 289

On a USDA Form

Front 290

What behaviors do female cats often display when they are in heat?

Back 290

Flattened back and elevation of hindquarters (lordosis) vocalization

Front 291

Fencing for goats should be what minimum height?

Back 291

4 Feet (1.2 meters)

Front 292

What is the term for male cattle?

Back 292

Bulls

Front 293

Holstein, Jersey, and Guernsey are examples of breeds of what type of cattle?

Back 293

Dairy Cattle

Front 294

What is the term for parturition in cows?

Back 294

Calving

Front 295

What device is used to restrain cattle?

Back 295

Chute

Front 296

True or false: head butting in rams is a normal behavior?

Back 296

True

Front 297

What term is used for removing the horns of a goat?

Back 297

Debudding

Front 298

What are the fleshy folds of skin hanging from the neck of a goat called?

Back 298

Wattles

Front 299

Give the scientific name of the goat?

Back 299

Capra Hircus

Front 300

True or false: Both male and female goats have scent glands

Back 300

False. Only males have scent glands

Front 301

How many compartments are in a ruminant stomach?

Back 301

Four

Front 302

Why is cud chewing important for a ruminant

Back 302

To break down plant matter and increase nutrient absorption

Front 303

When a sheep has an "open face" what does that mean?

Back 303

No wool on the face

Front 304

What is the scientific name for a domestic sheep?

Back 304

Ovis Aries

Front 305

A male sheep is a _____; a female sheep is called a ______

Back 305

Ram, Ewe

Front 306

What is the scientific name for the domestic pig?

Back 306

Sus scrofa domestica

Front 307

o

Farrowing pens with guardrails are designed for what purpose?

Back 307

To prevent a sow from smothering her piglets

Front 308

What does trimming pigs' hooves help prevent?

Back 308

Lameness, difficulty walking, infections

Front 309

What natural behavior causes swine to use their snouts to overturn water or feed bowls not secured to their pen?

Back 309

Rooting

Front 310

What is the term for the two upper and lower canine teeth of boars?

Back 310

Tusks

Front 311

What is the term for the surgical removal of a bird's wing tip

Back 311

Pinioning

Front 312

What is the name of the device used in a bird's cage to assist in proper beak maintenance

Back 312

Cuttlebone

Front 313

What is the dietary additive made of oyster shell and granite in a bird's diet?

Back 313

Grit

Front 314

What is the most common method for identifying birds?

Back 314

Leg Band

Front 315

The hierarchy in which more dominant birds restrict the activities of subordinate birds is referred to as the _______.

Back 315

Pecking Order

Front 316

What is the taxonomic class for birds?

Back 316

Aves

Front 317

The specialized stomach of a bird that grinds up the food is called the _____.

Back 317

Gizzard

Front 318

In birds, the chamber into which the reproductive, urinary, and digestive tracts empty is called the _____.

Back 318

Cloaca

Front 319

To what order do parrots and parakeets belong?

Back 319

Psittaciformes

Front 320

In most female birds, which ovary and oviduct are functional?

Back 320

Left

Front 321

Name two types of New World monkeys commonly used in research?

Back 321

Squirrel monkeys, marmosets, tamarins, capuchins, owl monkeys

Front 322

What items of PPE are typically needed when handling NHPs?

Back 322

Lab coat or gown, face mask, eye and/or face shield,

Front 323

True or false: The pole and collar method of restraint for NHPs requires that the animal be sedated.

Back 323

False. This method requires no sedation

Front 324

What is the name of a zoonotic disease that can be carried by macaques and is potentially fatal to humans?

Back 324

B virus

Front 325

The diet of New World monkeys should supply which two vitamins?

Back 325

Vitamin C, vitamin D3

Front 326

What does a prehensile tail allow a monkey to do?

Back 326

Grasp and hang from tree limbs by their tails

Front 327

What is the term for the red, wrinkled skin found around the anogenital region of female Old World monkeys?

Back 327

Sex Skin

Front 328

Nonhuman primates typically found in South and Central America are referred to as _____ World monkeys

Back 328

New

Front 329

What is the primary method of identification used with NHPs?

Back 329

Tattooing

Front 330

A monkey that stares at you and displays its teeth is showing?

Back 330

aggression

Front 331

What are the three types of tank holding systems?

Back 331

Closed (Static), flow-through, recirculating

Front 332

What is water hardness?

Back 332

A measure of the calcium and magnesium ions in the water

Front 333

What element do fish need in the water to breathe?

Back 333

Dissolved oxygen

Front 334

True or false: fish eat only a herbivorous diet?

Back 334

False. Some fish are carnivorous

Front 335

What is generally the optimal pH range for a fish tank?

Back 335

pH 6-8

Front 336

The release of eggs and sperm by fish is called _____.

Back 336

Spawning

Front 337

What is the typical quarantine interval for fish upon arrival?

Back 337

30 Days

Front 338

Name two methods for identification of fish?

Back 338

Subcutaneous dye injections, tags, fin clipping, transponders, recording individual markings

Front 339

What level of lighting is normally required for aquariums?

Back 339

Relatively low light

Front 340

What anatomical feature allows fish to extract oxygen from water?

Back 340

Gills

Front 341

Using wet gloves when handling amphibians serves what purpose?

Back 341

Preserves their protective skin secretions

Front 342

What is the recommended housing density for newly hatched tadpoles?

Back 342

50 per liter of water

Front 343

What anatomical feature does the Xenopus Laevis lack that is common to most amphibian species??

Back 343

A tongue

Front 344

What anatomical feature do amphibians have in common with birds?

Back 344

Cloaca

Front 345

Where is the tympanic membrane located in an amphibian?

Back 345

Behind the eye

Front 346

What is the scientific name for the African clawed dog?

Back 346

Xenopus Laevis

Front 347

What are the three types of environments that amphibians can live in as adults?

Back 347

Aquatic, semi-aquatic, terrestrial

Front 348

What is neoteny?

Back 348

A characteristic of axolotls in which they reach maturity without undergoing metamorphosis

Front 349

What are three benefits of the slimy protective layer of amphibian skin?

Back 349

Prevents mechanical damage to the skin, retains body fluids, provides a barrier to pathogens

Front 350

What does "ectothermic" mean?

Back 350

Body temperature is regulated by the external environment

Front 351

What is the scientific name of the zebrafish?

Back 351

Danio rerio

Front 352

The bony flexible plate that covers the gills is called the _______.

Back 352

Operculum

Front 353

True or false: All fish reproduce by laying eggs.

Back 353

False. Some fish are live bearers.

Front 354

Which part of the fish body helps with locomotion?

Back 354

Fins

Front 355

What is a common general anesthetic added to water to anesthetize fish?

Back 355

Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222)

Front 356

A group of horses is called a ______.

Back 356

Herd

Front 357

True or false: most reptiles used in research are purpose-bred

Back 357

False. Most reptiles used in research are wild caught

Front 358

Name three animals included in the class Reptilia

Back 358

Tortoise, turtle, crocodile, alligator, snake, lizard

Front 359

After eating a meal, how soon do most reptiles defecate?

Back 359

2-3 days

Front 360

What are the three types of environments that turtles can live in?

Back 360

Aquatic, semi-aquatic, terrestrial

Front 361

Where are the ferret's scent glands located?

Back 361

On either size of the anus

Front 362

What is the most common research use for the horse model?

Back 362

As a source of production of serum, antiserum, and antitoxin

Front 363

What type of diet do horses eat?

Back 363

A plant-based diet (Herbivorous)

Front 364

An uncastrated male horse is called a _____, and a castrated male horse is called a ______; a female horse is called a ______, and a newborn horse is called a __________.

Back 364

Stallion; gelding; mare; foal

Front 365

What do horses housed outside required?

Back 365

Access to shelter

Front 366

A male ferret is called a ____ and a female ferret is called a _____; Ferret offspring are called ______.

Back 366

Hob; Jill; Kits

Front 367

What is the fitch coloration in ferrets?

Back 367

A wildtype with tawny and brown markings

Front 368

What happens to a ferret's weight during the mating season?

Back 368

It decreases (they lose weight)

Front 369

What characterizes ferrets and their sleep?

Back 369

They have difficulty waking up

Front 370

How often do ferrets normally shed their coats?

Back 370

Twice a year