Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?
|
Compact Bone |
|
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of
|
Fat |
|
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is
|
Osetoblast |
|
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo |
Hyaline Cartilage |
|
In bone formation, a deficiency of growth hormone
|
Decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage |
|
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the
|
Diaphysis |
|
The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
|
Dipole
|
|
the location of blood-forming tissue.
|
Sternum |
|
Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis
|
Drinking flourified water |
|
Ossification of the ends of long bones
|
Produced by secondary ossification centers |
|
Cartilage is found in strategic places in the human skeleton. What is responsible for the resilience of cartilage
|
High water content |
|
most abundant skeletal cartilage type
|
Hyaline Carilage |
|
not the function(s) of the skeletal system
|
communication |
|
structural unit of compact bone
|
Osteon |
|
Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of
|
Osteoblasts AND Osteoclasts |
|
Dense connective tissue which secures the periosteum to the underlying bone |
Perforating (Sharpeyʹs ) fibers
|
|
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of
|
Blood vessels and nerve fibers |
|
The small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live
|
Lacunae |
|
Necessary for intramembranous ossification to take place |
An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.
|
|
process of bones increasing in width |
Appositional growth |
|
Accomplishes the process of bones constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons |
Osteoclast |
|
Hormone that increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream
|
Parathyroid |
|
Type of bone that vertebrae are considered |
Flat bone |
|
Begins about the age of 40; when a universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton |
incomplete osteon formation and mineralization
|
|
bone fracture perpendicular to the boneʹs axis
|
transverse |
|
Wolffʹs law is concerned with
|
the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
|
|
Cranial bones develop
|
within fibrous membranes |
|
Within Fibrous Membranes |
Where cranial bones develop |
|
Osteomyelitis
|
due to pus-forming bacteria
|
|
Appositional growth
|
the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
|
|
interstitial growth
|
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
|
|
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows
|
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
|
|
Framework in which Spongy bone is made |
trabeculae
|
|
bone formation
|
Osteogenesis
|
|
Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through
|
interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
|
|
hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood
|
growth hormone |
|
cases where the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early
|
elevated sex hormones |
|
how mechanical forces communicate with cells responsible for bone remodeling
|
Vitamin D enhances
|
|
skin cancer
|
Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.
|
|
Porphyria
|
An inherited condition that affects the heme pathway; it leaves the skin scarred and gums degenerated, and may have led to the folklore about vampires
|
|
Basale
|
A needle would go through layer of skin last |
|
A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order
|
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
|
|
The major regions of a hair shaft
|
medulla, cortex, cuticle |
|
external root sheath
|
The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except
|
|
Sebaceous Glands |
Acne is a disorder associated with
|
|
dermis |
Two layers |
|
arrector pili |
Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps
|
|
lucidum |
Which layer of skin would be damaged if a splinter penetrated the skin into the second epidermal layer of the sole of the foot |
|
Meissnerʹs corpuscles
|
specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure
|
|
Melanocytes
|
spidery-shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basale
|
|
Kinky hair has flat, ribbon like hair shafts. |
why hair appears the way it does |
|
Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen, which is thought to deter insects
|
Sudoriferous glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body
|
|
resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system
|
Functions of integumentary sytem as a covering |
|
allow the hair to assist in touch sensation
|
function of the root hair plexus
|
|
Vernix caseosa
|
whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands
|
|
ceruminous
|
modified sudoriferous gland that secretes wax.
|
|
diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis
|
Process by which nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis)
|
|
adipose tissue |
reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber
|
|
four different cell shapes found in five distinct layers, each cell shape with a special function |
The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents primarily because it is composed of
|
|
produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin much of its protective properties
|
Keratinocytes are an important epidermal cell because
|
|
Keratinocytes accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion |
Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage
|
|
stratum basale
|
layers responsible for cell division and replacement
|
|
macrophages called Langerhansʹ cells
|
The integumentary system is protected by the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this function
|
|
Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.
|
protects us against excessive water loss through the skin
|
|
fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
|
likely to be found in the dermis
|
|
reticular layer |
constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin
|
|
silvery-white scars
|
How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn
|
|
dermal papillae.
|
The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superficial surface has structures called
|
|
genetically determined and unique to each individual |
to produce the specific pattern known as handprints, footprints
|
|
Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion
|
bodyʹs natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage
|
|
Addisonʹs disease
|
The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance.
|
|
Langerhansʹ cell
|
specialized phagocytic cell
|
|
nutrition and hormones
|
most important factors influencing hair growth
|
|
fingernails
|
modification of the epidermis.
|
|
eccrine and apocrine
|
sweat glands
|
|
99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C
|
composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands
|
|
Apocrine glands
|
in the axillary and anogenital area
|
|
hormones; especially androgens |
The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated
|
|
vital function of the skin
|
converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.
|
|
rule of nine's |
Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?
|
|
fluid loss
|
first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn
|