6Microanatomy Lect: Cartilage & Chapters 7 In Histology

Front 1

Osteoarthritis is typified by

Back 1

erosion and inflammation of hyaline (articular) cartilage usually of the weight bearing joints

Front 2

Cartilage and bone are both

Back 2

specialized connective tissues

Front 3

Cartilage has an extracellular matrix (ECM) designed to

Back 3

resist mechanical stress

Front 4

Most long bones are formed in the embryo as

Back 4

cartilage

Front 5

Bone replaces cartilage in long bones via

Back 5

endochondral ossification

Front 6

intramembranous ossification

Back 6

type of bone formation where most flat bones of the body are formed from membranous sheaths

Front 7

-Cartilage is an avascular tissue consisting of
-Cells receive nourishment via

Back 7

-chondrocytes & extracellular matrix (ECM)
-diffusion of nutrients from surrounding blood vessels, through the matrix

Front 8

Collagen is solid yet pliable due to

Back 8

high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) to type II collagen ratio in ECM

Front 9

3 types of cartilage

Back 9

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

Front 10

Hyaline Cartilage appears

Back 10

glassy and bluish when alive

Front 11

What is the is the most abundant cartilage type?

Back 11

hyaline cartilage

Front 12

Location of hyaline cartilage in body

Back 12

-Articular ends
-Respiratory tract (trachea, maintains opening)
-Ventral ends of ribs
-Temporary skeleton for endochondral bone development of long bones

Front 13

Which type of cartilage has a perichondrium?

Back 13

-hyaline, *except at articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates
-elastic

Front 14

ECM in hyaline cartilage:
-predominant fibril component
-others

Back 14

-type II collagen
-GAGs, and multiadhesive glycoproteins
-Proteoglycans (aggrecan molecules):
Chondroitin sulfate & keratin sulfate chains (each GAGs) attach to a core protein, which then attach via linker proteins to hyaluronine to make up aggrecan (a proteoglycan)

Front 15

Matrix is highly hydrated
-Much of this water is tightly bound to ___ and imparts ___
-Some of the water is bound loosely allowing

Back 15

-aggrecan-hyaluronan aggregates; resilience
-diffusion and transfer of metabolites through the ECM

Front 16

cells of hyaline cartilage that produce matrix material that surrounds them

Back 16

isogenous groups

Front 17

60-80% of the weight of hyaline cartilage is water – mostly bound to the ___ aggregates

Back 17

hyaluronate proteoglycan

Front 18

Matrix of hyaline cartilage is acidophilic or basophilic? Why?

Back 18

-basophilic
-sulfated proteoglycans

Front 19

Matrices surrounding chondrocytes of isogenous groups
-Capsular or pericapsular matrix
-Territorial matrix
-Interteritorial matrix

Back 19

-area with strongest basophilia; immediately surrounding the chondrocytes
-is more removed from chondrocytes and stains less intensely compared to the capsular matrix, surrounds the isogenous groups
-surrounds the territorial matrix and occupies the space between groups of chondrocytes

Front 20

Perichondrium:
-outer layer contains ___
-inner layer contains ___; It is eosinophylic because of

Back 20

-fibroblasts
-formative chondrocytes; type I collagen

Front 21

Hyaline Cartilage:
-GC – growing cartilage - Slightly basophilic, containing what?
-What type of growth occurs here?

Back 21

-chondroblasts
-appositional growth

Front 22

hyaline:
immature chondrocytes at the periphery of the cartilage are

Back 22

elliptical

Front 23

hyaline:
Chondrocytes can be located in

Back 23

lacunae (a small cavity or pit)

Front 24

hyaline:
As the cells move deeper within the cartilage they appear

Back 24

rounded

Front 25

hyaline:
Interstitial growth - mitotic division of a single chondrocytes can result in groups of up to eight chondrocytes called

Back 25

isogenous groups

Front 26

hyaline:
Appositional growth

Back 26

differentiation of chondroblasts from the perichondrium (addition of new layers of cartilage upon older layers)

Front 27

Back 27

perichondrium
fibroblasts
formative chondrocytes

Front 28

Epiphyseal plate is a disc of

Back 28

hyaline cartilage

Front 29

In an H&E of young growing cartilage,
-the nucleus of chondrocyte is
-clear area represents
-ECM

Back 29

-eccentrically located
-golgi apparatus
-basophilic

Front 30

In an EM of young growing cartilage
-abundant
-extensive
-many

Back 30

-rER
-GA
-mitochondria
indicating cell is actively producing ECM

Front 31

Elastic cartilage is found where?

Back 31

-auricle
-external auditory meatus
-eustacian tube
-epiglottis
-cartilage of larynx

Front 32

Elastic cartilage requires an ___ stain to differentiate itself from hyaline cartilage.

Back 32

elastic, i.e. orcein or resorcein-fuschin

Front 33

Like hyaline, elastin cartilage contains chondrocytes in

Back 33

lacunae

Front 34

ECM of elastic cartilage contains what?

Back 34

elastic fibers and collagen type II fibrils

Front 35

Does a perichondrium exist in elastic cartilage?

Back 35

yes

Front 36

Locations of fibrocartilage

Back 36

-intervertebral disks (annulus fibrosis)
-symphysis pubis
-meniscus of the knee
-insertions of tendons and ligaments (sometimes)

Front 37

Fibrocartilage can be thought of as a hybrid (mixture) between

Back 37

dense CT and cartilage

Front 38

Does fibrocartilage contain chondrocytes in lacune like hyaline and elastic cartilage?

Back 38

Yes

Front 39

ECM of fibrocartilage contains

Back 39

numerous collagen type I fibers

Front 40

Like elastic and hyaline cartilage, does fibrocartilage contain a perichondrium?

Back 40

NO

Front 41

Fibrocartilage of intervertebral disc contains chondrocytes in lacunae, often arranged in

Back 41

long rows (between the collagen bundles)

Front 42

ECM of fibrocartilage of intervertebral disc

Back 42

Contains numerous collagen type I fibers in addition to type II collagen fibers

Front 43

Effects of cortisone, hydrocortisone on hyaline cartilage

Back 43

Inhibits cartilage histogenesis, growth and matrix production

Front 44

Effects of Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy) on hyaline cartilage

Back 44

matrix production stops --> distorts cartilage columns in epiphyseal plates
(Vitamin C is an enzyme cofactor required for collagen synthesis.)