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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain a schedule 1 drug |
Highest Potential abuse No medical use Heroin, pot, LSD |
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Explain a schedule 2 drug |
High abuse potential Cocaine, morphine |
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Explain a schedule 3 drug |
Some abuse potential Low opioids such as hydrocodone |
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Explain schedule 4 drugs |
Low abuse potential Valium, benzos, neuroleptics |
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Explain schedule 5 drugs |
Limited Cough syrup with codeine, Lomotil |
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This percentage of surveyed people have one or more family members with alcohol abuse or a history of it |
70% |
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According to a 2016 survey this percentage of age 12 and older drink |
50% |
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This percent of substance abusers are white |
75% |
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This percentage of accidents involve substance abuse. This includes traffic or work |
50% |
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Substance abuse contributes to this many lost work days |
500 million |
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Substance abuse contributes to this economic cost annually |
185 billion |
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Substance that changes / Alters function of human organism |
Drug |
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Unintentional / inappropriate use |
Misuse |
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Recurrent deliberate misuse, social issues, other than intended purpose. Harmful, continues knowing consequences of actions |
Abuse |
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Recurrent misuse / physical / psychological dependence / compulsive chronic |
Dependence |
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Compulsion / loss of control, tolerance changes, physical dependence |
Addiction |
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Psychological dependence, craving, pattern so automatic and difficult to break |
habituation |
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Increased dose required to achieve previous effect |
Tolerance |
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Delirium and Tremors 24 to 72 hours after substance use |
Detox |
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Substance discontinuation |
Withdrawal |
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Substance abuse is a moral failing not a disease |
False, substance abuse is a disease not a moral failing and has a strong genetic link |
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What are the four phases of drinking behavior in Alcoholics |
Phase 1 prealcoholic Phase 2 early alcoholic phase 3 true alcoholic Phase 4 chronic alcoholic |
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Drinks because of social motivations |
Phase one prealcoholic |
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Finds that alcohol relieves stress |
Pre alcoholic |
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Over time needs to increase the amount of alcohol needed for relief and maybe told by others that they are drinking too heavy or too frequently |
Pre alcoholic |
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Social / stress drinker |
Phase 1 prealcoholic |
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Begins to drink alone |
Early alcoholic |
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Becomes preoccupied with supply of drinks |
Early alcoholic |
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Hides bottles of alcohol at work, home or car |
Early alcoholic |
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Wakes in the morning and needs a drink to control tremors |
Early alcoholic |
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May experience blackouts, memory loss |
Early alcoholic |
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Uses denial as a defense mechanism and does not admit to being dependent on alcohol |
Early alcoholic |
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Alone / morning drink |
Early alcoholic |
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Completely loses control over ability to choose whether or not to drink |
True alcoholic |
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Goes out on binge drinking episodes, stops drinking only when too sick to take another drink |
True alcoholic |
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Experiences isolation from others, aggression, loss of interest in activities that once brought pleasure, impotence, nutritional impairment |
True alcoholic |
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Most who were employed have lost their jobs, many have lost their families and all have lost their self-esteem |
True alcoholic |
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Loss of control, binging, social issues |
True alcoholic |
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Over time the individuals continuous use of alcohol leads to extensive emotional disorganization |
Chronic alcoholic |
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May exhibit impairment of reality testing, regression or loss of a sense of ethics |
Chronic alcoholic |
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Physically exhibits disorders of the central nervous system and liver and Vascular diseases |
Chronic alcoholic |
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The three s's of untreated alcohol withdrawal |
Shake / see / seize Tremors/hallucinations/delirium tremors |
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Even in fairly small doses alcohol significantly impedes motor and cognitive function |
True |
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Alcohol strongly inhibits this major system that is closely linked to memory and a variety of other brain functions |
Glutamate system |
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Alcohol stimulates reward systems in the striatum and reduces limbic system fear responses to stimuli that otherwise would provoke anxiety |
True |
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Even in the absence of nutritional vitamin deficiencies, alcohol abuse frequently leads to |
Brain damage and cognitive impairments |
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Women are at higher risk of neurotoxicity in this substance abuse then are men |
Alcohol |
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Long term excessive abuse of this substance is associated with an increase in the rates of certain cancers such as esophageal, mouth, laryngeal and colonic |
Alcoholism |
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Alcohol withdrawal is often called this. However because withdrawal from alcohol is so often similar to withdraw from other substances that term is best avoided in favor of more generic terms of withdrawal |
Delirium tremens, DTS |
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Symptoms of Withdrawal of this substance include sweating, rapid pulse, Tremor, sleep disorder, nausea or vomiting and agitation |
Alcohol |
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The rarest and most dramatic symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include |
Seizures and hallucinations involving animals often spiders or other insects |
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Treatment for withdrawal of this substance typically includes medications to suppress agitation, fluids and nutritional support including thiamine and other vitamins |
Alcohol |
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Abuse is typically diagnosed when alcohol use leads to work problems, hazardous practices, legal difficulties or continuing use in the face of physical or social problems |
True |
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Dependency on alcohol is more common among men than women and effects up to this percentage of the US population at some time in their lives |
14% |
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How can alcoholism be classified |
Type 1 alcoholism and type-2 alcoholism |
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Alcoholism that Involves men and women equally, is associated with environmental stresses such as poverty and tends to be relatively mild |
Type 1 alcoholism |
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Alcoholism that affects primarily men and begins in the twenties or earlier is often associated with binge drinking. |
Type-2 alcoholism |
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Alcoholism that tends to run in families and there is evolving evidence for genetic factors in many cases |
Type-2 alcoholism |
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Women seem to metabolize alcohol differently than do men and attain higher blood levels with lower intake |
True |
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Liver disease and other complications seem to occur at lower drinking intensities in women |
True |
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90% of Alcoholics have significant medical problems in addition to their alcohol dependency |
True |
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This test is often used to screen medical clients for alcohol abuse. Yes answers to two or more of the items constitute a positive response |
Cage questionnaire |
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Screening tool with 26 questions to score, useful in helping to identify persons at risk for alcohol dependence |
MAST, Michigan alcohol screening test |
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Legal alcohol limit |
.08 |
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Neuro issues with alcoholism |
Seizures / dementia / amnesia |
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Results in B12 and folate nutritional deficiencies |
Alcoholism |
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Neurological complication of alcoholism occurring due to thiamine deficiency, vitamin B1 |
Wernick's encephalopathy |
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Delirium with cranial nerve dysfunction from alcoholism |
Wernicke encephalopathy |
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Symptoms include mental status changes, paralysis of extraocular eye movements leading to a disconjugate gaze |
Wernicke encephalopathy , from alcoholism |
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Treatment for Wernicke encephalopathy due to alcoholism |
Thiamine. Giving glucose without thiamine leads to permanent neurological damage |
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Prognosis of Wernicke encephalopathy from alcoholism |
Excellent with early thiamine Administration, but may also have Korsakoff's syndrome |
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Dementia with profound loss of recent memory |
Korsakoff's syndrome, alcoholism |
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Symptoms include Amnesia, dementia, psychosis |
Korsakoff's syndrome, alcoholism |
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Causes of Korsakoff's syndrome |
Alcoholism nutritional deficiencies |
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Treatment for Korsakoff's syndrome, alcoholism |
Supportive care |
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Prognosis for Korsakoff's syndrome, alcoholism |
Poor for cognitive recovery |
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Blood sugar determination should always be done on Persons brought to a medical attention for this condition |
Alcoholism. Alcohol can significantly lower blood sugar and symptoms of hypoglycemia can easily be mistaken for intoxication |
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This is a risk with alcohol abuse |
Aspiration |
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Height / weight ratio, how often you drink, whether or not you ate all play into alcohol levels |
True |
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Number 1 and number 2 substance abuse issues |
Number one alcohol Number two opioids |
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Acetylaldehyde is a component of alcohol, it is a toxin and basically a pickling agent that pickles the liver. People are often malnourished and dehydrated |
True |
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Anyone who drinks is considered pre alcoholic |
True |
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Actually taking on a part in the substance abuse issue |
Codependency |
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When dual diagnosis is a complication this should be done first |
Detoxification |
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Be realistic, relapse has a high rate of occurrence, keep expectations within reason |
Substance abuse |
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Transition from use to abuse happens slowly. |
True |
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Strive for increased periods of abstinence, not decrease in use |
True |
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Substance abuse does not cause mental illness but it does exacerbate it |
True |
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This percentage of alcoholic's also have a medical issue |
90% |
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Name three depressants |
Alcohol Cannabis Opioids |
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Name a stimulant |
Meth |
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After periods of heavy drinking there is about this much of a window for alcohol to fully leave the body |
72 hours |
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Name the Triad associated with alcoholism |
Elderly Substance abuse Male, depressed, single |
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Known as a amotivational drug |
Cannabis |
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Approximately 28 days to leave the system but can be as long as 3 to 4 months due to varying factors such as fat levels |
Cannabis |
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Psychologically addictive |
Cannabis |
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Effects dopamine receptors so it may manifest the same or similar symptoms to schizophrenia |
Methamphetamines |
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Eats holes in the brain |
Meth |
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Opens dopamine gaits leading to euphoria and I feeling like you can do it all. After coming down you can never no matter how much you use reach that same first level of high |
Methamphetamines |
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The middle class and Midwest are currently the worst for this addiction issue |
Opioids |
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When using these you are supposed to see a physician every two months |
Opioids |
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Heroin is now less expensive and an easier Target to get |
Opioids |
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Number two substance abuse issue today |
Opioids |
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Half of individuals who go into Rehabilitation for this will go into recidivism in 60 to 90 days |
Opioids |
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Runs in families |
Biological causation of substance abuse |
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Personality traits, poor role model, poor coping |
Psychological contributors to substance abuse |
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Depressed, passive |
Personality factors contributing to substance abuse |
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Missed a developmental stage, remain dependent, poor impulse control, anger |
Teens, substance abuse |
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Etoh impairment in metabolization |
Women |
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Polypharmacy, interactions, misdiagnosed dementia |
Elderly, substance abuse |
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30 to 50% higher abuse ratio than general population due to increased stress and access |
Nurses |
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DSM criteria for substance dependence |
Three or more of these: Evidence of Tolerance Evidence of withdrawal Unsuccessful attempts to control Social function impacted Time spent in obtaining Continued use despite realization of problem |
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Anemia, bruising, esophageal varices, thrombosis |
Alcoholism |
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Neuropathy, hypertension |
Alcoholism |
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CV disease, facial vessels, eyes |
Alcoholism |
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Depressed cough reflex, respiratory illnesses, aspiration |
Alcoholism |
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Pancreatitis, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatitis, cirrhosis, poor nutrition |
Alcoholism |
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Gait, palsies, CNS depression |
Alcoholism |
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Liver disease in 10 years in 10% |
Alcoholism |
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Increase in cancers of the esophagus, liver, pancreas and stomach |
Alcoholism |
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Heart defects in the newborn |
Fetal alcohol syndrome |
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With this comes increased aggression and violence and thus domestic violence with kids and spouse increases also |
Alcoholism, substance abuse |
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Rating scale that shows how much medication is required for someone detoxing based on how close they are to a seizure threshold |
CIWA scale |
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Name 4 CNS depressants |
Morphine, Demerol, oxycodone, methadone |
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A schedule 2 drug that is an addictive stimulant |
Meth |
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Tremors, stroke, seizures, cardiac |
Meth |
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Weight loss, skin lesions, meth mites, |
Meth |
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Dramatic psychosis |
Meth |
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Quick tolerance |
Meth |
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Violent aggressive behavior related to toxic psychosis |
Meth |
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Extreme paranoia |
Methamphetamines |
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Lasts 12 hours or more |
Methamphetamines |
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Boost dopamine, gets into nerve cell addicted to spike |
Methamphetamines |
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Long-term function affected |
Methamphetamines |
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No pharmacological Treatment available |
Methamphetamines |
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Drs don't ask enough about this abuse type |
Meth |
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80 to 90% dependence |
Tobacco |
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Nausea, dizziness, increased heart rate |
Withdrawal from tobacco |
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Three interventions for alcoholism |
Ativan, Librium, antabuse |
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Intervention for heroin |
Methadone |
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4 interventions for amphetamines |
Orlaam Revia Catapress Ammonium chloride, acidify and increase urine excretion |
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Intervention for cocaine abuse |
Valium for convulsions |
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Interventions for hallucinogens |
Decrease stimuli, talk down |
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Interventions for inhalants |
None |
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Lavage works with some drugs |
True |
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Takes care of substance abuser at cost of own needs |
Codependency |
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Antabuse |
Medication for Alcoholism |
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Catapres |
medication for Opioid addiction |
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Narcan |
Overdose of Meth, heroin |
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Parlodel |
Medication for cocaine abuse |
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High rate of occurence, danger to patient is a priority |
Chemical dependent nurse |
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Council, reprimand, suspend, terminate |
Discipline progression of chemical dependent nurse |
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Cycle of battering |
Tension building - anger and excuses Acute battering - violence and threats Respite - calm, sorry, loving Cycle repeats |
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Interconnectedness of poor coping skills, irrational thought processes with this |
Substance abuse |
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Depression and substance abuse can also have hallucinations involved. We need to detox patients so we know what is causing the symptoms |
Schizophrenia |
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The size of the ventricles in this brain are larger with less gray matter |
Schizophrenia |
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Before new medications were introduced these two medications were the common treatment of schizophrenia |
Haldol and Thorazine |
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Adverse effects of neuroleptics |
Anticholinergic, anti adrenergic |
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Block smooth muscle contraction and vasodilate |
Anti adrenergic |
